跨学科主题学习的迷思与澄清

The Confusion and Clarification of Concepts of Interdisciplinary Thematic Learning

“学科”与“跨学科”在西方课程史中的论争始终摆脱不了“钟摆效应”的宿命。跨学科学习在我国的传播和接受受到话语体系、学科制度、课程变革等因素的影响,总体表现出从作为学科课程的补充、与学科课程并行的课程实体到统领课程整体变革的课程理念的演进历程。本次课程改革超越了“学科”与“跨学科”的“二元论”思维,通过科内整合、跨科整合、科际整合以及超学科整合形构了完整的“跨学科学习系统”。“跨学科主题学习”作为其中重要组成部分有其自身独特功能和定位。在新课程语境下正确认识“跨学科主题学习”需要树立系统思维和边界意识,确证其作为挑战性学习、真实性学习、实践性学习和有边界学习的内在规定性,把“立足本课程”、“一体化设计”和“减负增效”的基本原则贯彻到设计思路当中。在此基础上,通过确定大观念主题、选择主导学科并制定表现任务、拟定核心问题与创设学习单元、设计表现性评价与实施等环节来开发高质量的跨学科主题学习。

In the curriculum history,the"pendulum effect"has become the fate of the relationship between"discipline"and"interdisciplinarity".Interdisciplinary learning in China has been influenced by the discourse system,discipline system,curriculum reform and other factors.As a result,three evolutionary stages of interdisciplinary learning have been created:"as a supplement to the subject curriculum","a curriculum entity parallel to the subject curriculum"and"a curriculum concept that guides the overall reform of the curriculum".The latest curriculum reform goes beyond the"dualism"thinking of"subject"and"interdisciplinary",and forms a complete"interdisciplinary learning system"through intra-subject integration,inter-disciplinary integration,inter-disciplinary integration and trans-disciplinary integration.Among them,"Interdisciplinary Theme Learning"shows its own unique function and positioning.In the context of the"new curriculum",we need to establish systematic thinking and boundary awareness,and confirm that"interdisciplinary theme learning"is a challenging,authentic,practical,and boundary learning.The design of"interdisciplinary theme learning"needs to implement the basic principles of"based on the course","integrated design",and"reducing burden and increasing efficiency".The development of high-quality"interdisciplinary theme learning"needs to include determining the theme of the big concept,selecting the leading subject and formulating performance tasks,formulating core issues and creating learning units,designing performance evaluation and implementation,etc.