日语反复体标记的对立和中和--以同一动作的反复为主

The opposition and the neutralization of the frequentative aspect of Japanese

日语反复体没有专门的语法表达形式,一般借助动词完整体标记「スル/シタ」和持续体标记「テイル/テイタ」表示。在同一动作表示的日语反复性事件中,两种体标记因与外在动作的时间关系、时间成分的凸显度、动作实现的可能性、动作主体的特征等四种因素有所不同而出现对立,无法互换使用。有时两种体标记之间的对立会弱化,两者在使用上会出现中和现象;从语言学的角度来看,构成反复的个体事件和整体事件语义特征的模糊是两种标记中和的内部动机,两种体标记之间的缺省性对立为其形态上的互换提供了可能。

The frequentative aspect of Japanese have no special grammatical form,and it is generally indicated by the verb of perfective marker"suru/sita"and the imperfective marker“teiru/teita”.Within the same action represented by the Japanese repetitive events,the two aspect markers and the external action is different,the limitation of time relationship is different,the possibility of the action is diferent,the action subject is dfferent.These four circumstances cannot be opposing with each oth-er and also cannot be interchangeable.The ambiguity of the semantic features of the individual events and the whole events is the internal motivation of the two kinds of aspect markers neutralization.The privative opposition between the two kinds of as-pect markers provides the possibility of interchangeable on their forms.