视角·主旨·风格:古尔纳《天堂》的创伤叙事

Perspective,keynote and style:The trauma narrative of Gurnah's Paradise

2021年诺贝尔文学奖得主阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳始终关注非洲被殖民的历史,他的《天堂》表现了非洲内陆殖民主义的残酷现实。小说以创伤叙事来结构文本,以儿童视角和外聚焦讲述了主人公优素福悲惨的创伤经历,客观地表现出不同文化之间的差异,形成了创伤叙事视角。作者将殖民创伤、流散创伤和族裔创伤等三重创伤结合起来,讨论不同类型创伤集中于优素福一人身上的悲剧命运,表达了创伤叙事主旨。小说围绕“弥赛亚”、重复和互文性展开,将非洲断裂的传统、历史和信仰以独特的叙事风格表现出来,由此形成了创伤叙事风格。古尔纳《天堂》的创伤叙事从现实语境中剥离出非洲被殖民的历史,重新审视了殖民主义,思考了跨文化交流的可能性。

The 2021 Nobel Prize winner in literature Abdulrazak Gurnah has always focused on the history of African coloniza-tion,and his Paradise expresses the brutal reality of colonialism in the interior of Africa.Paradise is structured as a trauma narrative text.The novel tells the tragic traumatic experience of the protagonist Yusuf from children's perspective and external focalization,objectively showing the differences between different cultures and forming a trauma narrative perspective.The au-thor combines the triple traumas of colonial trauma,diaspora trauma,and ethnic trauma,discussing the tragic destiny of the different types of traumas concentrated on Yusuf alone and expressing the main idea of the trauma narrative.The novel revolves around the“Messiah”,repetition and intertextuality,and expresses Africa's fractured traditions,history and beliefs in a u-nique narrative style,thus forming a trauma narrative style.The trauma narrative of Gurnah's Paradise strips Africa's colo-nized history from its real context,revisits colonialism,and contemplates the possibility of cross-cultural exchange.