“人”与“太阳”的隐喻:论石黑一雄的《克拉拉与太阳》

Metaphor of“man”and“sun”:On Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro

石黑一雄的作品中,无论社会结构如何,对人性的批判始终是其主线。《克拉拉与太阳》以幻想故事的形式,讲述了后人类时代“人”的生存图景。在小说中的未来社会,高速发展的科技加快了以利益为基础的理性形而上学与资本的联姻,彻底混淆了认知主体与价值主体的界限,进而破坏了人类的价值伦理体系。消费社会盛行的交换价值湮灭了“人”的本真存在,身体和心灵均可被复制的狂妄将“人”以唯科学主义为圭臬的机械生存范式暴露无遗。人类生存危机本质上是一种文化危机。石黑一雄将人工智能机器人克拉拉和人类的信念和神话并置,无情地揭示了第三者视野下“人”的本质被科学理性与资本逻辑遮蔽的社会现实。

Regardless of the social structure of Kazuo Ishiguro's works,his criticism of human nature is always the main line.Klara and the Sun,in the form of a fantasy story,tells the picture of the survival of“man”in the post-human era.The future society in the story,with the rapid development of science and technology,accelerates the marriage of rational metaphysics based on interest and capital,completely confuses the boundary between cognitive subject and value subject,and then destroys the value ethics system of human beings.The prevailing exchange value in the consumer society annihilates the real existence of“human”,and the arrogance that both body and mind can be copied completely exposes the mechanical survival paradigm of“human”which is based on scientism.The crisis of human existence is essentially a cultural crisis.Kazuo Ishiguro juxtaposes the beliefs and myths of the artificial intelligence robot Klara and the human beings,ruthlessly revealing the social reality that the nature of“human”is covered by scientific rationality and capital logic from the perspective of a third party.