上海地区母乳库中捐赠母乳宏观营养素含量及其影响因素分析

Macronutrient content and its influencing factors of donated breast milk in breast milk banks in Shanghai region

目的了解母乳库中捐赠母乳宏观营养素的含量及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2016年6月—2018年6月上海地区母乳库中458名首次母乳捐赠者及其所捐赠的母乳为研究对象,测定捐赠母乳中的宏观营养素含量;采用多重线性回归分析捐赠母乳宏观营养素含量的影响因素。结果458份捐赠母乳的宏观含量营养素中,蛋白质含量为(0.95±0.24)g/dl,脂肪含量为(4.03±1.25)g/dl,糖类含量为(7.44±0.38)g/dl,干物质为(12.75±3.16)g/dl,能量含量为(71.12±11.33)kcal/dl。多重线性回归分析结果显示,捐乳时间、婴儿性别是捐赠母乳中蛋白质含量的影响因素(P<0.05);捐乳时间、分娩方式、婴儿出生季节是捐赠母乳中糖类含量的影响因素(P<0.05);捐乳时间是捐赠母乳中能量含量的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论本研究捐赠母乳中宏观营养素各成分含量均低于早产儿对宏观营养素的需求;捐赠母乳宏观营养素成分个体差异性较大,与乳母的捐乳时间、分娩方式及婴儿的性别、出生季节等相关。因此后期如何在捐赠母乳中添加母乳添加剂,进行目标性强化,以满足早产儿的生长发育需求,需要进一步研究。

Objective To understand the macronutrient content and influencing factors of donated breast milk in breast milk bank.Methods A total of 458 first-time breast milk donors and their donated breast milk from June 2016 to June 2018 in Shanghai were selected as research objects by the convenient sampling method to determine the macronutrient content in donated breast milk.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the macronutrient content of donated breast milk.Results In macronutrient content of 458 donated breast milk,the protein content was(0.95±0.24)g/dl,fat content was(4.03±1.25)g/dl,sugar content was(7.44±0.38)g/dl,dry matter was(12.75±3.16)g/dl and energy content was(71.12±11.33)kcal/dl.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the time of milk donation and infant gender were the influencing factors of protein content in donated breast milk(P<0.05).The time of milk donation,mode of delivery and season of birth were the influencing factors of the sugar content in donated breast milk(P<0.05).The time of milk donation was the influence factor of energy content in donated breast milk(P<0.05).Conclusions The content of macronutrients in donated breast milk in this study is lower than the demand for macronutrients in premature infants.The macronutrient composition of donated breast milk varies greatly among individuals,which is related to the time of milk donation,the mode of delivery,the infant gender and birth season of the baby.Therefore,further research is needed on how to add breast milk additives to donated breast milk in the later stage for targeted reinforcement to meet the growth and development needs of premature infants.