我国社区高龄老年人工具性日常生活活动能力现状及影响因素分析

Current situation and influencing factors of instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly people in China

目的调查我国社区高龄(≥75岁)老年人工具性日常生活活动能力现状,并分析其影响因素。方法本研究为横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样法,于2023年1—5月选取来自全国9个省市27个社区卫生服务中心的1832名高龄老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表和Lawton-Brody工具性日常生活活动能力量表对其进行调查。采用二项Logistic回归分析探讨社区高龄老年人工具性日常生活活动能力的影响因素。本研究共发放问卷1832份,回收有效问卷1746份,有效回收率为95.30%。结果1746名社区高龄老年人中,1194名(68.4%)老年人存在工具性日常生活活动能力功能依赖。二项Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、居住地类别、慢性病种类、是否规律运动、自我报告社会支持、自我报告视力障碍与自我报告听力障碍是社区高龄老年人工具性日常生活活动能力功能依赖的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论我国社区高龄老年人工具性日常生活活动能力水平有待提高,护理人员可根据老年人工具性日常生活活动能力的影响因素,早期识别高风险人群,制订干预措施。

Objective To explore the current status of instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling older adults(≥75 years old)in China,and analyze its influencing factors.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.From January to May 2023,multi-stage sampling was used to select 1832 older adults from 27 community health service centers in 9 provinces and cities across China as the research subject.A survey was conducted on older adults using the General Information Questionnaire and the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale.Binomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in the community.A total of 1832 questionnaires were distributed,and 1746 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 95.30%.Results Among 1746 older adults in the community,1194(68.4%)had functional dependence of instrumental activities of daily living.Binomial Logistic regression showed that age,educational level,type of residence,type of chronic disease,regular exercise,self-reported social support,self-reported visual impairment,and self-reported hearing impairment were the influencing factors for the functional dependence of instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in the community(P<0.05).Conclusions The instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in communities in China needs to be improved.Nurses can identify high-risk populations in the early stages and develop intervention measures based on the influencing factors of older adults'instrumental activities of daily living.