社会支持及运动自我效能在社区老年人内在能力与健康老龄化间的中介作用

Mediating role of social support and exercise self-efficacy between intrinsic capacity and healthy aging in community-dwelling elderly people

目的探讨社会支持及运动自我效能在社区老年人内在能力与健康老龄化间的中介效应,为提高社区老年人的健康老龄化水平提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样法,于2022年1—7月选取乌鲁木齐市1303名社区老年人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、健康老龄化量表、内在能力调查表、社会支持评定量表、运动自我效能量表对其进行调查。通过概念模型探讨社区老年社会支持、运动自我效能、内在能力与健康老龄化间的关系。本研究共发放问卷1303份,回收有效问卷1042份,问卷有效回收率为80%。结果1042名社区老年人内在能力调查表得分为[1.00(0,2.00)]分、健康老龄化量表得分为[146.00(133.75,155.00)]分、社会支持评定量表得分为[41.00(36.00,46.00)]分、运动自我效能量表得分为[51.00(39.00,61.00)]分。社区老年人内在能力与社会支持、运动自我效能、健康老龄化呈负相关(r值分别为-0.112、-0.121、-0.120,P<0.01),社会支持、运动自我效能与健康老龄化呈正相关(r值分别为0.129、0.113,P<0.01)。Bootstrap法中介效应检验结果显示,社会支持及运动自我效能在社区老年人内在能力与健康老龄化间的中介效应成立,中介效应值为-0.477,占总效应的24.75%;其中,内在能力→社会支持→健康老龄化的路径效应值为-0.262,占中介效应值的54.93%;内在能力→运动自我效能→健康老龄化的路径效应值为-0.214,占中介效应值的44.86%。结论社区老年人群体中,社会支持与运动自我效能能够在内在能力与健康老龄化间起中介作用,社区卫生保健人员应关注老年人内在能力水平,提高其社会支持与运动自我效能水平,从而促进老年人健康老龄化的实现。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of social support and exercise self-efficacy on the intrinsic capacity of community-dwelling older adults and healthy aging,so to provide a basis for improving the healthy aging of community-dwelling older adults.Methods From January to July 2022,cluster random sampling was used to select 1303 community-dwelling older adults from Urumqi City as the research subject.The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,Healthy Aging Instrument,Intrinsic Capacity Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale,and Exercise Self Efficacy Scale for Aged People in Community.The conceptual model was used to explore the relationship among social support,exercise self-efficacy,intrinsic capacity,and healthy aging in community-dwelling older adults.A total of 1303 questionnaires were distributed,and 1042 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 80%.Results Among 1042 community-dwelling older adults,the scores of the Intrinsic Capacity Questionnaire,Healthy Aging Instrument,Social Support Rating Scale,and Exercise Self Efficacy Scale for Aged People in Community were[1.00(0,2.00)],[146.00(133.75,155.00)],[41.00(36.00,46.00)]and[51.00(39.00,61.00)],respectively.The intrinsic capacity of community-dwelling older adults was negatively correlated with social support,exercise self-efficacy,and healthy aging(r=-0.112,-0.121,-0.120,P<0.01),and social support and exercise self-efficacy were positively correlated with healthy aging(r=0.129,0.113,P<0.01).Bootstrap mediating effect test showed that the mediating effect of social support and exercise self-efficacy between the intrinsic capacity of community-dwelling older adults and healthy aging was established,with a mediating effect value of-0.477,accounting for 24.75%of the total effect.The path effect value of intrinsic capacity→social support→healthy aging was-0.262,accounting for 54.93%of the mediating effect value.The path effect value of intrinsic capacity→exercise self-efficacy→healthy aging was-0.214,accounting for 44.86%of the mediating effect value.Conclusions In the community elderly population,social support and exercise self-efficacy can play a mediating role between intrinsic capacity and healthy aging.Community health care providers should pay attention to the internal capacity of the older adults,improve social support and exercise self-efficacy,and thus promote the realization of healthy aging of the older adults.