介助老人居家环境安全的影响因素分析

Factors affecting the safety of home environment for device-aided elderly people

目的探讨介助老人居家环境安全影响因素,为提高介助老人居家环境安全水平及推进适老化改造提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,于2021年8月—2022年3月选取乌鲁木齐市8个社区的326名介助老人为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、老年人能力评估标准表、老年人居家环境安全评估量表及老年人居家环境适老化改造认知需求意愿简明问卷进行调查。采用多重线性回归分析探讨介助老人居家环境安全影响因素。结果共发放问卷326份,回收有效问卷305份,问卷有效回收率为93.56%(305/326)。介助老人居家环境安全的影响因素为住房面积、自评居家环境、慢性病、养老金月收入和适老化改造认知(P<0.05)。结论居家环境适老化改造需重点关注患慢性病、自评环境不好、养老金月收入低及适老化改造认知较低的介助老人,相关部门应做好居家环境自评方法和居家适老化改造相关知识的宣传。

Objective To explore the factors affecting the safety of home environment for device-aided elderly people,so as to provide a basis for improving the safety of the elderly's home environment and promoting aging-adapted reform.Methods From August 2021 to March 2022,stratified cluster sampling was used to select 326 device-aided elderly people from 8 communities in Urumqi City as the research subject.The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,Capacity Assessment Standard Table for the Elderly,Home Environment Safety Assessment Scale for the Elderly,and Home Environment Ageing-adapted Reform Cognition and Needs Concise Questionnaire for the Elderly.Multiple linear regression was used to explore the influencing factors of home environment safety for device-aided elderly people.Results A total of 326 questionnaires were distributed,and 305 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 93.56%(305/326).The influencing factors of home environment safety for device-aided elderly people included housing area,self-evaluation of the home environment,chronic diseases,monthly pension income,and cognition of aging-adapted reform(P<0.05).Conclusions The aging-adapted reform of home environment should focus on elderly people who suffer from chronic diseases,have poor self-evaluation of the environment,have low monthly pension income and cognition of aging-adapted reform.Relevant departments should promote the self-evaluation methods of home environment and knowledge on home aging-adapted reform.