高速铁路轨道不平顺的激光测量方法研究

Research on the Laser Measurement Method of the Track Irregularity of High-Speed Railways

高平顺性的铁路轨道是高速列车平稳、安全运行的根本保证。铁路轨道的不平顺会导致机车车辆产生振动或者破坏,而轨道的不平顺性也是线路设计和评估的重要依据。随着高速铁路的快速发展和列车速度的不断提高,轨道几何状态参数检测的精度和效率也需要提升。在传统的工务维修中,铁路轨道的平顺性状态检测主要采用“相对测量”法,与全站仪等设备配合使用,但该方法检测精度不高、检测效率低,易受外界天气影响。为保证机车车辆的安全行驶,铁路轨道需符合高平顺性要求。利用激光准直原理,通过激光长弦发射器与数字接收光靶配合测量,可直接推算轨道的长波不平顺,有效扩大基准弦的长度。这种方法能直接测量轨道的平顺性状态,提高检测精度与效率。

Railway tracks with high regularity are the foundamental guarantee for the smooth and safe operation of high-speed trains.The irregularity of railway tracks will lead to the vibration or damage of railway vehicles,and the irregularity of tracks is also an important basis for the design and evaluation of the line.With the rapid development of the high-speed railway and the continuous improvement of the train speed,higher requirements for the accuracy and efficiency of the geometric state parameter detection of tracks are put forward.In traditional track maintenance,the"relative measurement"method is mainly used to detect the regularity of railway tracks,which is used in conjunction with total stations and other equipment,but the detection accuracy of this method is not high with low detection efficiency,and it is susceptible to external weather.In order to ensure the safe operation of railway vehicles,railway tracks need to meet the requirements of high regularity.In this study,by using the principle of laser alignment,the long-wave irregularity of tracks can be directly calculated through the coordinated measurement of the laser long-string transmitter and the digital receiving light target,and the length of the reference string can be effectively expanded.This method can directly measure the regularity status of tracks and improve detection accuracy and efficiency.