废电路板元器件稀土资源回收及其碳减排潜力研究

Research on Rare Earth Resource Recovery and Carbon Emission Reduction Potential of Waste Circuit Board Components

本文从资质企业随机收集电脑、电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、空调等的废电路板,拆解并收集典型电子元器件,分析其稀土元素的含量与分布,研究其资源潜力及碳减排潜力。结果表明,废电脑板上元器件的数量最多,电容和电阻占比较大。稀土含量最高的元器件为电容和散热片,高于10 g/kg。废电子元器件中,稀土元素含量最高的为铒,其次为铥。经评估,2010—2022年,电脑、电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、空调等的废电路板元器件稀土资源潜力约为6869.83 t,其中铒高达5919.09 t,约为稀土总资源潜力的86.16%,回收稀土元素的最大碳减排潜力为22.00万~83.93万t CO_(2eq)。因此,从废电路板元器件中回收稀土元素,不仅可以保障我国稀土资源安全,也可以助力稀土行业早日实现碳达峰碳中和目标。

This paper randomly collects waste circuit boards of computers,televisions,refrigerators,washing machines,and air conditioners from qualified enterprises,disassembles and collects typical electronic components,analyzes the content and distribution of rare earth elements,and studies their resource potential and carbon emission reduction potential.The results show that the number of components on the waste computer board is the highest,with capacitors and resistors accounting for a relatively large proportion.The components with the highest rare earth content are capacitors and heat sinks,which are higher than 10 g/kg.Among waste electronic components,erbium has the highest content of rare earth elements,followed by thulium.According to evaluation,from 2010 to 2022,the rare earth resource potential for waste circuit board components of computers,televisions,refrigerators,washing machines,and air conditioners is approximately 6869.83 t,among them,erbium reaches 5919.09 t,which is approximately 86.16%of the total rare earth resource potential,and the maximum carbon emssion reduction potential for recycling rare earth elements is 2200~839300 t of CO_(2eq)"Therefore,recycling rare earth elements from waste circuit board components can not only ensure the safety of rare earth resources in China,but also help the rare earth industry achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals as soon as possible.