不同氮磷钾配比水溶肥对生姜光合生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of Different N,P and K Ratios of Water-soluble Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Ginger

以“冀姜5号”为试材,在生姜小培土至根茎膨大期施用高氮型(T_(1),N-P-K=30-10-20)、高钾型(T_(2),N-P-K=15-6-30)和高磷型(T_(3),N-P-K=10-30-20)3种水溶肥处理,研究不同水溶肥对生姜生长、光合生理特性以及产量的影响。结果表明,各处理中以T_(2)处理茎粗、分枝数和叶面积最高,株高与其他处理差异不显著。与常规施肥(CK)相比,T_(2)处理显著提高了生姜叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,叶片蔗糖合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和硝酸还原酶活性明显升高,单株根茎鲜重和产量显著增加。与CK相比,T_(1)处理生姜株高显著增加,茎粗显著降低,净光合速率显著提高,叶绿素含量和碳氮代谢相关酶活性与CK无显著差异,产量显著低于T_(2)处理,与CK差异不显著。T_(3)处理各生长指标及光合生理指标均与CK无显著差异,产量显著低于T_(2)和T_(1)处理,与CK差异不显著。因此,在小培土至根茎膨大期,建议施用高钾型水溶肥(N-P-K=15-6-30),能够有效促进生姜生长,提高叶片叶绿素含量、光合效率及碳氮代谢相关酶活性,有利于生姜增产。

Taking“Jijiang No.5”as the test material,three kinds of water-soluble fertilizers including high nitrogen type(T_(1),N-P-K=30-10-20),high potassium type(T_(2),N-P-K=15-6-30)and high phosphorus type(T_(3),N-P-K=10-30-20)were applied during the period from earthing to rhizome expansion to study the effects of different water-soluble fertilizers on the growth,photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of ginger.The results showed that T_(2)treatment had the highest stem diameter,branch number and leaf area,and had no significant difference in plant height compared with other treatments.Compared with conventional fertilization(CK),T_(2)treatment significantly improved the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of ginger leaves,the activities of sucrose synthease,glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase in leaves of T_(2)treatment were improved,the fresh weight and yield of rhizome of T_(2)treatment were increased significantly.Compared with CK,T_(1)treatment significantly increased ginger plant height,significantly decreased stem diameter.The net photosynthetic rate of T_(1)treatment was significantly increased,and there had no significant difference in yield with CK.The growth indexes and photosynthetic physiological indexes of T_(3)treatment had no significant difference with CK,the yield in T_(3)treatment was significantly lower than T_(2)and T_(1)treatments,but no significant difference with CK.Therefore,it is recommended to apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer(N-P-K=15-6-30)during the period from earthing to rhizome expansion,which can effectively promote ginger growth,improve leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic efficiency and carbon and nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activities,and is conductive to ginger yield.