基于土壤肥力恢复力模型的河曲露天煤矿复垦治理效果评价

Evaluation of reclamation in Hequ open-pit coal mine dump:soil fertility restoration model

以河曲旧县露天煤矿排土场为研究对象,采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)和专家评分理论法建立了露天煤矿排土场土壤肥力综合评价模型,获得土壤结构稳定性、土壤保水能力、土壤保肥能力及土壤生物活性4项准则和25个因素,利用YAAHP计算软件确定了排土场土壤肥力恢复力各影响因素的权重。结果表明,评价体系准则层中土壤保肥能力权重最大(0.5477),其次分别是土壤保水能力(0.1980)、土壤生物活性(0.1408)和土壤结构稳定性(0.1135),因素层有机质F1权重最高(0.1162);根据现场抽样,已复垦区的土壤质量水平要高于未复垦区的土壤质量水平,整体来看土壤质量水平均处于中等偏下和较差水平,土壤恢复力的主要因素是土壤保肥能力,特别是土壤有机质含量。土壤肥力恢复力模型为提高排土场土壤质量、加快土壤重构、促进土壤生态系统恢复提供治理思路。

This study established a comprehensive evaluation model for soil fertility in an open-pit coal mine dump in Jiuxian County of Hequ by drawing on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP)and expert scoring theory.4 criteria and 25 factors were applied for soil structural stability,water retention capacity,fertility retention capacity,and biological activity.Using the YAAHP calculation software,this study proposed the weights of various influencing factors on the soil fertility restoration ability of the waste dump.The results indicate that soil fertility retention ability bears the highest weight(0.5477),followed by soil water retention ability(0.1980),soil biological activity(0.1408),and soil structural stability(0.1135)in the evaluation rubric,while organic matter F1 bears the highest weight(0.1162)among other factors;Based on on-site sampling,results showed that the soil quality in the reclaimed area outperformed the uncultivated area,but still persists at lower to medium levels.The main factor for soil resilience is soil fertility retention capacity,especially the content of soil organic matter.Soil fertility restoration model offers references for improving soil quality in waste dump,accelerating soil reconstruction,and promoting soil ecosystem restoration.