纳米催化材料与超细高氯酸铵的均匀复合及对复合改性双基推进剂的增速降感研究

The Uniform Combination of Nano-catalytic Materials with Ultrafine Ammonium Perchlorate for Ehancing the Burning Rate and Reducing the Sensitivity of Composite Modified Double-base Propellant

为了提高复合改性双基推进剂的燃速,采用超音速气流粉碎技术将纳米催化材料(纳米亚铬酸铜、纳米氧化镉)原位分散于超细高氯酸铵(AP)表面,制备出纳米催化材料/超细AP复合物,并应用于改铵铜(GATo)高燃速改性双基推进剂。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热测试(DSC)、机械感度测试、静电火花感度测试等方法对纳米催化材料/超细AP复合粒子进行了分析表征,对制得的含纳米催化材料/超细AP复合粒子的GATo推进剂分别进行了燃烧性能、力学性能、机械感度和安定性研究。结果表明,在超音速气流粉碎力场作用下,在实现AP超细化的同时,实现了纳米催化材料在其表面的原位均匀分散,既提高了超细AP的热分解速率,又降低了超细AP的机械感度。与空白GATo推进剂相比,含有纳米催化材料/超细AP复合粒子的GATo推进剂燃速从55mm/s提升至70.27mm/s(20℃、10MPa),增幅达27.8%,力学性能和安定性基本保持不变,摩擦感度从95%降至80%,撞击感度特性落高值从13.9cm提高到14.7cm,实现了CMDB推进剂的高燃速与低感度的有效平衡。

In order to increase the burning rate and decrease the sensitivities of composite modified double-base(CMDB)propellant,supersonic jet milling technology was used to in-situ dispersion of nano catalysts(nano copper chromite and nano cadmium oxide)on the surface of ultrafine ammonium perchlorate(AP)to prepare nano-catalytic materials/ultrafine AP composites for using in high burning rate CMDB propellant with GATo.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)test,mechanical sensitivity test and the electrostatic spark sensitivity tests were used to analyze the nano catalytic materials/ultrafine AP composites.The combustion performance,mechanical performance,mechanical sensitivity and stability of GATo propellant containing nano catalytic materials/ultrafine AP composites were also studied.The results show that with the help of the supersonic jet pulverization force field,while the ultrafine AP was achieved,the nano catalytic materials were uniformly in situ dispersed on its surface,which not only increased the thermal decomposition rate of the ultrafine AP,but also reduced the mechanical sensitivity of ultrafine AP.Compared with the blank GATo propellant,the burning rate of GATo propellants containing nano catalytic materials/ultrafine AP composites increased from 55 mm/s to 70.27 mm/s(20℃,10 MPa),the mechanical properties and stability were basically maintained,the friction sensitivity was reduced from 95%to 80%,and the impact sensitivity characteristic drop height value was increased from 13.9 cm to 14.7 cm,achieving an effective balance between high burning rate and low sensitivity of CMDB propellant.