植物光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)应答非生物胁迫机理研究进展

Research Progress in the Mechanism of Plant Photosystem II(PSII)Responsing to Abiotic Stress

植物生长过程受到一系列以环境因子(温度、干旱、盐和重金属等)为代表的非生物胁迫影响,进而阻碍以物质转化与能量代谢等为主要特征的光合进程。光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)是位于类囊体膜上的多亚基色素-蛋白质复合物,通过捕获光能完成水的光解和质体醌的还原,对植物生长发育尤为重要。一般来说,非生物胁迫会抑制PSⅡ的活性、影响PSⅡ的结构、阻碍电子传递和能量转换,而PSⅡ作为光合作用中最易受影响的部分,近年来与环境因子之间的关系备受关注。基于此,本文对主要非生物胁迫如温度、干旱、盐,以及重金属下植物PSⅡ的生理应答研究进行了归纳,并基于叶绿素荧光技术从PSⅡ的结构与功能、电子传递过程、光抑制与光保护等方面进行了综述。并对现有研究的不足提出了展望,为今后深入研究非生物胁迫下植物PSⅡ响应逆境胁迫过程中的生理与分子机制提供理论基础。

Plant growth process is influenced by a series of abiotic stresses represented by environmental factors(temperature,drought,salinity,and heavy metals,etc.),which hinder the photosynthetic process mainly characterized by substance conversion and energy metabolism.Photosystem II(PSII)is a multi-subunit pigment-protein complex located on the thylakoid membrane,which is particularly important for plant growth and development by capturing light energy to complete the photolysis of water and plastoquinone reduction.Generally,abiotic stress may inhibit the activity of PSII,affect its structure,and hinder electron transport and energy conversion.As the most vulnerable part of photosynthesis,PSII has attracted much attention in recent years due to its relationship with environmental factors.Based on this,this article summarized the physiological responses of plant PSII under major abiotic stresses such as temperature,drought,salt and heavy metals,and reviewed the structure and function of PSII,electron transfer process,photoinhibition and photoprotection based on chlorophyll fluorescence technology.It also provides a theoretical basis for further research on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant PSII response to abiotic stress.