S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸依赖的3-氨基-3-羧基丙基利用酶研究进展

Research Progress in S-adenosyl-L-methionine Dependent 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl Utilizing Enzymes

S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl-L-methionine,SAM)是生物体内重要的辅因子。SAM的结构中具有3个不稳定的C-S键,不同的SAM依赖酶能够选择性地切割其中不同的C-S键来催化各种类型的反应。其中,利用SAM甲基部分的甲基转移酶和腺苷部分的SAM自由基酶被广泛研究。UniProt数据库中保存了超过1800000条SAM依赖的甲基转移酶序列;SAM自由基酶也已经成为最大的酶家族之一,数目超过700000个。但利用SAM中3-氨基-3羧基丙基(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl,ACP)的酶却报道相对较少,本文对目前这一类酶的研究进行分类介绍,并对这一领域未来研究方向进行展望。

S-adenosyl-L-methionine(SAM)is a very important cofactor in biology.It possesses three unstable C-S bonds,which can be selectively cleaved by various SAM-dependent enzymes,catalyzing a wide range of biochemical reactions.Methyltransferases and radical SAM enzymes,which cleave C-S bonds and use methyl and 5'-dexoyadenosine of SAM respectively,have been intensively studied.Over 1.8 million protein sequences of methyltransferases have been deposited in the UniProt database.Radical SAM enzymes have grown into one of the largest enzyme superfamilies,consisting of over 700000 members.However,enzymes utilizing the 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl(ACP)group of SAM are relatively rarely reported.This paper aims to classify and introduce these enzymes while also provide a prospective research direction for the future.