中国牦牛资源开发利用研究进展

Research Progress on Exploitation and Utilization of Yak Resources in China

我国青藏高原拥有世界牦牛最大存栏量,且牦牛养殖业是我国高原牧区最重要的畜牧支柱产业。我国地方牦牛品种资源丰富,其不仅具有优异的高原适应性优势,而且在鲜肉品质、乳制品、毛皮品质等方面的经济性能优势突出。然而,由于高原地区自然条件恶劣、科技水平及饲养管理水平落后等多种因素,致使当前我国固有牦牛资源品种遗传改良进程缓慢、生产力低下。本文全面综述了我国当前牦牛种质资源保护概况、主要牦牛品种生产性能特征、牦牛群体遗传多样性与种群系统发育关系研究成果以及牦牛重要经济及适应性性状相关候选基因与遗传标记筛选的研究进展。这可为我国牦牛遗传资源保护与利用、牦牛新品种(系)的培育以及我国牦牛产业良性发展提供参考。

The Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China has the world’s largest yak stock,and yak breeding is the most important livestock industry in the plateau pastoral areas of China.China has abundant resources of local yak breeds,which not only have excellent plateau adaptability advantages,but also have outstanding economic performance advantages in fresh meat quality,dairy products,fur quality,and other aspects.However,due to various factors such as poor natural conditions,outdated technology and breeding management in plateau areas,causing a slow breeding improvement and low economic productivity of domestic yak low in China.This manuscript comprehensively reviewed the current situation of yak genetic resources’conversation in China,the production performance characteristics of major yak breeds,the research results of the relationship between population genetic diversity and population phylogeny,and the research progress of candidate genes and genetic marker screening related to important economic and adaptive traits of yaks.This provides reference for the protection and utilization of yak genetic resources,the cultivation of new yak breed(strains)as well as the continuously healthy development of Chinese yak industry.