复合微生物制剂发酵液态饲料对育肥猪生长性能、肉质、免疫力、抗氧化能力和肠道形态结构的影响

Effects of Complex Microbial Agent Fermented Liquid Feed on Growth Performance,Meat Quality,Immunity,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Morphological Structure of Finishing Pigs

本试验旨在研究复合微生物制剂发酵液态饲料对育肥猪生长性能、肉质、免疫力、抗氧化能力和肠道形态结构的影响。选取平均体重为(25.28±2.35)kg的60日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪120头,按公母各1/2、体重相近原则随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂固态的基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂液态饲料(按照水料比为2.5∶1的比例将固态的基础饲粮制备成液态饲料),试验2、3组则分别饲喂经1%和2%复合微生物制剂(植物乳杆菌+粪肠球菌混合增殖发酵液)发酵(25℃下发酵12 h)制备的发酵液态饲料。预试期5 d,正试期60 d。试验期间统计试验猪各生长性能数据;在试验结束时采集试验猪血液检测免疫和抗氧化指标,采集胸肌、腿肌测定肉质成分,采集各肠道组织评估肠道形态结构。结果显示:1)各组之间平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组的终末体重和平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05),试验3组的ADG比对照组高出86.34 g/d;此外,试验2、3组的ADG显著高于试验1组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著提高(P<0.05);试验3组血清中IgG含量显著高于试验1、2组(P<0.05),试验2、3组血清中IgA含量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05);此外,试验3组血清中SOD活性和T-AOC显著高于试验1、2组(P<0.05),CAT活性显著高于试验1组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲喂1%和2%复合微生物制剂发酵液态饲料显著提高了十二指肠、回肠、结肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(P<0.05),饲喂2%复合微生物制剂发酵液态饲料还显著提高了空肠和盲肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲喂1%和2%复合微生物制剂发酵液态饲料均显著提高了猪肉中缬氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、亚油酸、维生素E和维生素B_(1)的含量(P<0.05),其中试验3组猪肉中谷氨酸和亚油酸含量分别高达1.82和1.85 g/100 g,是对照组的2倍多,并显著高于试验2组(P<0.05)。综上可知,饲喂2%复合微生物制剂发酵液态饲料可改善育肥猪的肠道形态结构,增强机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,提高育肥猪的生长性能,并可改善肉质。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex microbial agent fermented liquid feed on the growth performance,meat quality,immunity,antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphological structure of finishing pigs.One hundred and twenty 60-day-old“Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire”ternary crossbred pigs with an average body weight of(25.28±2.35)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups of 3 replicates each with 10 pigs in each replicate,according to half of the males and females and similar body weight.Pigs in control group were fed a solid-state basal diet,pigs in test group 1 were fed a liquid feed(the solid-state basal diet was prepared into liquid feed according to the ratio of water to feed of 2.5∶1),and pigs in test groups 2 and 3 were fed fermented liquid feed which was fermented by 1%and 2%complex microbial agent(Lactobacillus plantarum+Enterobacter faecium mixed fermentation broth),respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 5 days,and the experiment period lasted for 60 days.The growth performance data of pigs were collected during the experiment.At the end of the experiment,blood was collected for determining the antioxidant and immune indexes,pectoral muscle and leg muscle were collected for measuring meat quality,and intestinal tissues were collected for assessment of intestinal morphological structure.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily feed intake(ADFI)was not significant among groups(P>0.05);compared with the control group,the final body weight and average daily weight gain(ADG)were significantly improved(P<0.05),the feed/gain(F/G)was significantly decreased in test groups 1,2 and 3(P<0.05),and the ADG in test group 3 was 86.34 g/d higher than the control group;moreover,the ADG in test groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than that in the test group 1(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the contents of immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin A(IgA)were significantly increased in test groups 1,2 and 3(P<0.05);the content of IgG in test group 3 was significantly higher than that in the test groups 1 and 2(P<0.05),and the content of IgA in test groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than that in the test group 1(P<0.05);compared with the control group,the serum catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)were significantly increased in test groups 1,2 and 3(P<0.05);moreover,the serum SOD activity and T-AOC in test group 3 were significantly higher than those in the test groups 1 and 2(P<0.05),and the CAT activity was significantly higher than that in the test group 1(P<0.05).3)Feeding 1%and 2%complex microbial agent fermented liquid feed significantly increased the villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio of the duodenum,ileum and colon(P<0.05),and feeding 2%complex microbial agent fermented liquid feed also significantly increased the villus height/crypt depth ratio of jejunum and cecum(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the contents of valine,lysine,glutamic acid,linoleic acid,vitamin E and vitamin B_(1)in pork were significantly increased by feeding 2%complex microbial agent fermented liquid feed,and the contents of glutamic acid and linoleic acid in pork in test group 3 was 1.82 and 1.85 g/100 g,respectively,which was more than 2 times higher than that in the control group,and significantly higher than that in the test group 2(P<0.05).In conclusion,it is shown that feeding 2%complex microbial agent fermented liquid feed can improve can improve the intestinal morphological structure,enhance the body immunity and antioxidant capacity,and then increase the growth performance of finishing pigs,and it also can improve the meat quality.