红曲菌对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血浆生化指标、抗氧化能力和脂质代谢的影响

Effects of Monascus on Growth Performance,Immune Function,Plasma Biochemical Indexes,Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Yellow-Feathered Chickens

本试验旨在研究红曲菌对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血浆生化指标、抗氧化能力和脂质代谢的影响,为其在肉鸡饲养中的应用提供参考。选择288只1日龄且健康状况良好的麻黄肉鸡,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,红曲菌组在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg红曲菌。试验期51 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)红曲菌组肉鸡22~42日龄和43~51日龄平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),22~42日龄、43~51日龄和1~51日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)红曲菌组肉鸡21和51日龄脾脏指数均显著升高(P<0.05)。3)红曲菌组肉鸡21日龄血浆总蛋白(TP)和总胆红素(TBILI)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),尿酸(UA)含量和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性均显著降低(P<0.05);红曲菌组肉鸡51日龄血浆TBILI和CRE含量以及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均显著升高(P<0.05),UA含量和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性均显著降低(P<0.05)。4)红曲菌组肉鸡21日龄空肠黏膜白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量和51日龄空肠黏膜肿瘤坏死因子-ɑ(TNF-ɑ)含量均显著降低(P<0.05),21和51日龄空肠黏膜白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。5)红曲菌组肉鸡肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著升高(P<0.05),肾脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),肾脏GSH-Px活性显著升高(P<0.05)。6)红曲菌组肉鸡21和51日龄血浆以及21日龄肝脏高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05),21日龄血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加500 mg/kg红曲菌可提高1~51日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力,同时调节脂质代谢。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Monascus on growth performance,immune function,plasma biochemical indexes,antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of yellow-feathered chickens,to provide reference for its application in chicken feeding.A total of 288 one-day-old healthy ephedra chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 24 chickens in each replicate(half male and half female).Chickens in the control group were fed a basal diet,and chickens in the Monascus group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg Monascus.The experiment lasted for 51 days.The results showed that compared with the control group:1)The average daily gain of chickens during 22 to 42 days of age and 43 to 51 days of age of Monascus group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain of chickens during 22 to 42 days of age,43 to 51 days of age and 1 to 51 days of age of Monascus group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)The spleen index of chickens at 21 and 51 days of age of Monascus group was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)The contents of total protein(TP)and total bilirubin(TBILI)in plasma of chickens at 21 days of age of Monascus group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the uric acid(UA)content and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the TP and TBILI contents and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity in plasma of chickens at 51 days of age of Monascus group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the UA content and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity were significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)The content of interleukin-10(IL-10)in jejunal mucosa of chickens at 21 days of age and content of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in jejunal mucosa of chickens at 51 days of age of Monascus group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the content of interleukin-10(IL-10)in jejunal mucosa of chickens at 21 and 51 days of age was significantly increased(P<0.05).5)The activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in liver of chickens of Monascus group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the kidney malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the kidney GSH-Px activity was significantly increased(P<0.05).6)The content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in plasma of chickens at 21 and 51 days of age and in liver of chickens at 21 days of age of Monascus group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the content low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)content in plasma of chickens at 21 days of age was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In summary,dietary 500 mg/kg Monascus can improve the growth performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity of yellow-feathered chickens during 1 to 51 days of age,and regulate the lipid metabolism.