基于主成分、隶属函数和全株玉米青贮质量评分指数综合评价我国不同规模奶牛场的全株玉米青贮质量

Whole-Plant Corn Silage Quality in Different Scale Dairy Farms was Evaluated Based on Principal Component,Subordinate Function and Whole-Plant Corn Silage Quality Score Index

本试验旨在研究我国不同规模奶牛场的全株玉米青贮质量,比较不同青贮质量综合评定方法,为青贮饲料质量评价和调制优质青贮饲料提供理论依据。从我国17个省区不同规模奶牛场采集474个全株玉米青贮样品,通过检测全株玉米青贮质量的相关指标,并分别运用主成分分析、隶属函数分析和全株玉米青贮质量评分指数(CSQS)分析对不同规模奶牛场的全株玉米青贮质量进行综合分析。结果表明:1)不同规模奶牛场全株玉米青贮中干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉、粗脂肪、乳酸含量存在显著差异(P<0.05);2)主成分分析提取了5个主成分,累计贡献率达到85.01%,反映了原有指标大部分信息;3)主成分分析、隶属函数分析和CSQS分析结果均显示不同规模奶牛场全株玉米青贮质量由高到低依次为5000头以上、3000~5000头、1000~2999头、500~999头、500头以下。综上所述,奶牛场规模越大,全株玉米青贮质量越好。3种综合评价方法结果一致,但CSQS分析方法由于涉及指标较少,更简便易行,便于推广使用。

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of whole-plant corn silage on dairy farms of different scales in China,compare three comprehensive evaluation methods for silage quality and to provide a theoretical basis for its use in silage quality evaluation and preparation of high-quality silage.Four hundred and seventy-four whole-plant corn silage samples were collected from different scale dairy farms in 17 provinces and regions in China,the relevant indicators of whole-plant corn silage quality were detected,and a comprehensive analysis of whole-plant corn silage quality in different scale dairy farms was carried out using principal component analysis,subordinate function analysis and whole-plant corn silage quality score index(CSQS)analysis methods,respectively.The results showed as follows:1)there were significant differences in the contents of dry matter,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,starch,ether extract and lactic acid in whole-plant corn silage from different scale dairy farms(P<0.05);2)the principal component analysis extracted five principal components,with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.01%,reflecting most of the information of the original index;3)the results of principal component analysis,subordinate function analysis and CSQS analysis,the quality of whole-plant corn silage in different scale dairy farms was more than 5000 cows,3000 to 5000 cows,1000 to 2999 cows,500 to 999 cows,and less than 500 cows in order from high to low.In conclusion,the larger the dairy farm,the better the quality of whole-plant corn silage.The results of the three comprehensive evaluation methods are consistent,but the CSQS method is easier to popularize because it involves fewer indexes.