新形势下黄河调水调沙“丰调枯蓄”运用方式

Operation Mode of“Regulation in Wet Years and Storage in Dry Years”of Water and Sediment Regulation in the Yellow River Under the New Situation

调水调沙是黄河保护治理的重要举措。近年来,黄河水沙情势以及水库和河道边界条件发生了明显变化,现状调水调沙运用方式不能满足新形势下水沙调控多目标协同的需求。基于黄河水沙特性以及多年调度经验,提出“丰调枯蓄”的调水调沙思想和运用方式,即根据来水条件变化灵活地调整当年调水调沙策略,丰水年多开展调水调沙以使水库多排沙、河道多输沙,平水年适当开展调水调沙以满足多目标需求,枯水年不开展调水调沙以蓄水兴利。数字模型计算结果表明,相较于现状运用方式,“丰调枯蓄”运用方式可实现调水调沙的年际调度,使小浪底水库排沙、供水、生态、发电效益得到全面提升,计算期50 a水库累计淤积量减少5.78亿m^(3),不满足下游供水的年均时间少1.1 d,出库含沙量大于80 kg/m^(3)的年均时间少0.9 d,年均发电量增加1.2亿kW·h。

Water and sediment regulation is an important measure for the protection and management of the Yellow River.In recent years,with the obvious changes in water and sediment conditions,as well as the boundary conditions of reservoirs and rivers,the current use of wa-ter and sediment regulation cannot meet the needs of multi-objective coordination under the new situation.Based on the natural characteristics of water and sediment conditions of the Yellow River and years of practical experience in water and sediment regulation,a water and sediment regulation concept and operation mode of“regulation in wet years and storage in dry years”was proposed,which flexibly adjusted the current year’s water and sediment regulation strategy according to the changes in incoming water conditions.In wet years,more water and sediment regulation was carried out to ensure more sediment discharge from reservoirs and more sediment transport from rivers.In normal years,appro-priate water and sediment regulation should be carried out to meet multi-objective needs.In dry years,water and sediment regulation was not carried out to conserve water and promote profits.The calculation results of the mathematical model indicate that compared to the current op-eration mode,the“regulation in wet years and storage in dry years”operation mode has achieved inter-annual regulation of water and sedi-ment regulation,which can comprehensively improve the sediment discharge,water supply,ecological and power generation benefits of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.The accumulated sediment accumulation of the reservoir during the calculation period of 50 years has decreased by 578 million m^(3),the average annual number of days that does not meet the downstream water supply needs has decreased 1.1,the average annual number of days with sediment concentration exceeding 80 kg/m^(3) has decreased 0.9 and the average annual power generation has increased by 120 million kW·h.