改厕粪肥等氮替代化肥对黄瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

Effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with nitrogen from toilet manure on cucumber yield,quality and soil nutrients

为了研究改厕粪肥替代化肥对黄瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响,以期为实现改厕粪肥合理地资源化利用提供理论支撑,以改厕粪肥作追肥等氮替代化肥,设置对照组(CK)、粪肥替代25%的化肥(M25)、粪肥替代50%的化肥(M50)、粪肥替代100%的化肥(M100)以及化肥(CF)共5个处理,测定黄瓜产量与品质(可溶性糖、有机酸、Vc、可溶性蛋白、硝酸盐)指标,分析土壤理化性质及4种土壤酶(脲酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶)活性,研究黄瓜生长与土壤养分之间的关系。结果表明:粪肥替代显著增加土壤有机质及全氮含量,M50处理最高,分别为28.25和1.45 g·kg^(-1),比CK处理分别增加65.20%和13.28%,同时电导率也会随之增大;施用粪肥可以显著提高土壤脲酶活性,M100处理最高,为971.67U·g^(-1),相比CK处理提高14.46%,但土壤中性磷酸酶活性相比降低14.95%~20.65%;施用粪肥显著提高黄瓜的产量,M100处理最高,单个小区为58.03kg,较CK处理增加26.70%;施用粪肥显著提高黄瓜果实Vc及可溶性糖的含量,M50处理最高,分别为85.32mg·kg^(-1)和40.89mg·g^(-1),相比CK处理分别提高29.19%和89.48%,黄瓜果实硝酸盐的含量略有增加,但低于化肥(CF)处理。RDA分析结果表明,影响土壤脲酶活性的主要环境因子是铵态氮和硝态氮,影响中性磷酸酶活性的主要环境因子是pH;Pearson相关性分析表明,黄瓜产量与有机质、铵态氮及硝态氮含量呈显著正相关。模糊隶属函数综合评价黄瓜生长与品质指标的结果表明,M100处理的指标综合得分最高,黄瓜的综合生长情况最好。

To study the effects of replacing chemical fertilizer with toilet manure on cucumber yield,quality and soil nutrients,so as to provide a theoretical support for the rational utilization of toilet manure,in this experiment,toilet manure was used as topdressing to replace chemical fertilizer.Five treatments were set:control group(CK),25%chemical fertilizer replaced by manure(M25),50%chemical fertilizer replaced by manure(M50),100%chem-ical fertilizer replaced by manure(M100),and chemical fertilizer(CF).The yield and quality(soluble sugar,organic acid,Vc,soluble protein,nitrate)of cucumber were measured.The physical and chemical properties of soil and the activities of four soil enzymes(urease,neutral phosphatase,catalase,sucrase)were analyzed to study the relationship between cucumber growth and soil nutrients.The results showed that manure replacement significantly increased soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents,which were the highest in the M50 treatment,of 28.25 and 1.45 g⋅kg^(-1),respectively,increased by 65.20%and 13.28%compared with those in the CK treatment,meantime,the electrical conductivity also increased accordingly.Application of manure could significantly increase soil urease activity,which was the highest in the M100 treatment,reaching 971.67 U⋅g^(-1),increased by 14.46%compared with that in the CK treatment,but the soil neutral phosphatase activity decreased by 14.95%-20.65%compared with the CK treat-ment.Application of manure significantly increased the yield of cucumber,and was the highest at 58.03 kg per plot in the M100 treatment,26.70%higher than that in the CK treatment.Application of manure significantly in-creased the content of Vc and soluble sugar in cucumber fruits,which were the highest in the M50 treatment,of 85.32 mg⋅kg^(-1) and 40.89 mg⋅g^(-1),respectively,increased by 29.19%and 89.48%,correspondingly,compared with those in the CK treatment.The content of nitrate in cucumber fruits was slightly increased,but it was lower than that in CF treatment.RDA analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting soil urease activity were am-monium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,and the main environmental factor affecting neutral phosphatase activity was pH.Pearson correlation analysis showed that cucumber yield was significantly positively correlated with organic matter,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents.The results of fuzzy membership function comprehensive evaluation of cucumber growth and quality indexes showed that M100 treatment had the highest comprehensive score of indexes and the best comprehensive growth of cucumber.