GnRH的生物学作用及其类似物在马属动物中的应用研究进展

Research Progress in Biological Roles of GnRH and Application of Its Analogues in Equine Animals

繁殖率低是制约马属动物产业发展的瓶颈,繁殖调控技术不完善也是导致该产业发展缓慢的主要因素。促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)是下丘脑分泌产生的神经激素,在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴通路中起关键作用。GnRH可以有效促进马属动物卵泡发育及排卵。GnRH是具有十肽结构的化合物,通过改变十肽结构中不同位置的氨基酸合成不同的GnRH类似物。GnRH及其类似物可通过刺激卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)和黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)的分泌、抑制雌激素受体的合成影响动物繁殖性能。GnRH及其类似物已被证明可提高马属动物的繁殖性能。对GnRH和促性腺激素释放激素受体(gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor,GnRHR)的结构特点、生物学功能以及GnRH类似物在马属动物繁殖方面的应用研究进展进行综述,以期为探究GnRH生物学作用的分子机制以及GnRH类似物在马属动物繁殖调控中的科学应用提供参考。

The low reproductive rate is a bottleneck that restricts the development of the equine animal industry,and the inadequate technology for reproductive regulation is the primary cause for the slow growth of the industry.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),a neurohormone released by the hypothalamus,plays essential roles in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis pathway.GnRH can effectively promote follicular development and ovulation in equine animals.It is a decapeptide-containing compound that can be synthesized into many GnRH analogues by varying the amino acids at different locations within the decapeptide structure.GnRH and its analogues affect animal reproductive performance by stimulating the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH),and inhibiting the synthesis of estrogen receptors.It has been demonstrated that GnRH and its analogues could improve the reproductive performance of equine animals.This article reviews the structural characteristics and biological functions of GnRH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor(GnRHR)as well as the research progress in the application of GnRH analogues in the reproduction of equine animals,in hoping to provide references for exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects of GnRH and the scientific application of GnRH analogues in the reproductive regulation of equine animals.