不同一年生牧草在毛乌素沙地的适应性评价

Adaptability Evaluation of Different Annual Forage Grass Varieties in the Mu Us Sandy Land

[目的]筛选适宜毛乌素沙地种植推广的高产优质一年生牧草品种。[方法]以菌草、饲用甜高粱、饲用玉米等12个牧草品种为试验材料,对其物候期、农艺性状、营养品质进行观察和测定,通过方差分析、相关性分析和隶属函数进行适应性综合评价。[结果]12个牧草品种均能够适应当地生长环境,完成营养期生长并可收获牧草;巨菌草的鲜草产量最高,其次为饲用甜高粱品种绿巨人;各牧草品种干草产量表现与鲜草产量相似;粗蛋白产量最高的为巨菌草,其次为菌草品种绿洲1号;12个引进牧草品种的主要性状中,株高与鲜干草产量呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,株高、干草产量与粗蛋白含量、相对饲料价值呈显著(P<0.05)负相关;隶属函数分析得分由高到低排名前三的品种依次为巨菌草、一年生草木樨、高丹草品种巨浪。[结论]经综合评价分析,在12个牧草品种中,巨菌草、一年生草木樨、高丹草品种巨浪的适应性较好。研究结果为毛乌素沙地引进适宜牧草品种提供了参考。

[Objective]This study was conducted to screen the high-yield and good-quality annual forage grass varieties suitable for planting and promoting in the Mu Us Sandy Land.[Method]A total of 12 forage grass varieties such as Juncao,forage sweet sorghum and forage maize were used as experimental materials,and their phenophase,agronomic traits and nutritional qualities were observed and measured.The adaptability of the varieties was comprehensively evaluated through variance analysis,correlation analysis and membership function.[Result]All of the 12 tested varieties exhibited adaptability to the local growth environment,completed vegetative growth phase and harvested forage grass.The fresh yield of Giant Juncao(Cenchrus fungigraminus)was the highest,followed by the forage sweet sorghum cultivar Lyujuren.The performance of the tested varieties in the hay yield was similar to that in the fresh yield.Giant Juncao had the highest crude protein yield,followed by the Juncao cultivar Lyuzhou No.1.Among the primary traits of the 12 introduced forage grass varieties,the plant height was extremely significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with the fresh and hay yields,and the plant height and hay yield were significantly(P<0.05)negatively correlated with the crude protein content and relative feed value.The varieties with top three scores in membership function analysis from high to low were Giant Juncao,annual Melilotus officinalis,and Sorghum Hybrid Sudangrass cultivar Julang.[Conclusion]Comprehensive evaluation and analysis demonstrated that among the 12 tested forage grass varieties,the adaptability of Giant Juncao,annual Melilotus officinalis and Sorghum Hybrid Sudangrass cultivar Julang was better.The research results provided references for introducing suitable forage grass varieties in the Mu Us Sandy Land.