农业全要素生产率空间效应的实证研究——基于宁夏2006—2017年面板数据的分析

An Empirical Study on Spatial Effects of Agricultural Total Factor Productivity——A Case Study on the Analysis of Ningxia Panel Data from 2006 to 2017

推动农业全要素生产率增长,是实现农业高质量发展的必由之路。对宁夏农业全要素生产率及其空间效应进行研究有利于发挥各区域比较优势,促进要素合理流动和高效集聚,强化农业技术对区域发展的辐射带动作用。采用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算宁夏地区的农业全要素生产率,利用Stata 13.1软件检验农业全要素生产率的空间异质性,再运用Geoda一阶Rook相邻建立权重矩阵,进一步分析农业全要素生产率在县域间的空间相关性。结果表明:2007—2017年宁夏农业全要素生产率年均增长率为4%,技术进步是推动全要素生产率增长的主要因素;宁夏农业全要素生产率增长的泰尔指数呈现下降趋势,说明宁夏区域内全要素生产率增长的差距在逐渐缩小,并且宁夏农业全要素生产率的区域差异主要集中在中部地区;2017年的宁夏农业全要素生产率存在空间相关性,北部普遍具有正聚集效应,中部普遍具有负的空间相关性。基于研究结果,提出应扩大北部地区的集聚效应与辐射作用,加快中部、南部地区的生态建设,加快发展农业数字经济在宁夏地区的实施与应用等建议。

It is an effective way to achieve high-quality agricultural development by promoting the growth of agricultural total factor productivity(TFP).The study of agricultural TFP and its spatial effect in Ningxia is conducive to leveraging regional comparative advantages,promoting the rational flow and efficient agglomeration of factors,and strengthening the radiating driving effect of agricultural technology on regional development.The DEA-Malmquist index method was used to measure the agricultural TFP in Ningxia,and the spatial heterogeneity of agricultural TFP was tested using stata13.1 software.Then,the weight matrix was established using the first-order Rook adjacency rule in Geoda to further analyze the spatial correlation of the agricultural TFP.The results showed that the average annual growth rate of agricultural TFP in Ningxia was 4% from 2007 to 2017,and technological progress was the main factor to promote the growth of TFP.The Thiel index of agricultural TFP growth in Ningxia showed a downward trend,indicating that the gap in TFP growth within the region was gradually narrowing,and it was also found that the regional differences of agricultural TFP in Ningxia was mainly concentrated in the central region.In 2017,there was a spatial correlation of agricultural TFP in Ningxia,with a generally positive aggregation effect in the north and a generally negative spatial correlation in the middle.Based on this,it is proposed that we should expand the agglomeration effect and radiation effect of the northern region,accelerate the ecological construction of the central and southern regions,and finally promote the implementation and application of agricultural digital economy in Ningxia.