控释肥对水稻性状、产量的影响与最佳施用量研究

Study on the Effects of Controlled-release Fertilizer on Rice Traits and Yield and Optimal Application Rates

为明确水稻专用控释肥(32-13-6)在旱直播水稻(播后上水)上的最佳施用量,以宁粳43为供试材料,设置4个控释肥用量梯度,分别为35、40、45、50 kg/667 m~2。结果表明:(1)水稻施用控释肥后产量高于常规施用化肥处理,增产幅度为0.82%~6.58%,节肥率为19.93%~37.72%,在该试验地力条件下,控释肥用量推荐41.0 kg/667 m~2,对应产量为783.12 kg/667 m~2,比常规施用化肥处理增产40.46 kg/667 m~2。(2)水稻株高、穗长、穗粒数、空秕率与施肥量的相关性较大,且呈正相关,667 m~2穗数、千粒质量与施肥量的相关性较小。(3)与常规施用化肥处理相比,控释肥处理的氮素投入量少0.62%~30.44%,磷素投入量少8.45%~35.92%,钾素投入量少0~30.0%,而水稻成熟期土壤碱解氮质量比高7.32%~24.39%,有效磷质量比高0.84%~11.44%,速效钾质量比高0.41%~8.83%,土壤电导率降低幅度达16.67%~75.00%。

In order to determine the optimal application amount of special controlled-release fertilizer (32-13-6) on dry direct seeding rice (water after sowing),Ningjing 43 was used as the test material,and four gradients of the application amount of controlled release fertilizer were set at 35 kg/667 m~2,40 kg/667 m~2,45 kg/667 m~2 and 50 kg/667 m~2.The results showed the following:(1) the yield of rice after applying controlled release fertilizer was higher than that of conventional application of chemical fertilizer (CK),with an increase of 0.82%~6.58%,and a fertilizer saving rate of 19.93%~37.72%.Under the experimental soil capacity condition,the recommended dosage of controlled release fertilizer was 41.0 kg/667 m~2,and the corresponding yield was 783.12 kg/667 m~2,with an increase rate of 40.46 kg/667 m~2 compared to CK.(2) Plant height,panicle length,number of grains per panicle,and percentage of unfilled grains were significantly positively correlated with fertilizer application rate,while yield per mu (unit of land area) and thousand-grain weight were less correlated with it.(3) Compared to CK,the controlled-release fertilizer treatment resulted in a reduction in nitrogen input by 0.62%~30.44%,phosphorus input by 8.45%~35.92%,and potassium input by 0~30.0%.However,the content of available nitrogen in the soil during the rice maturity stage increased by 7.32%~24.39%,available phosphorus content increased by 0.84%~11.44%,and available potassium content increased by 0.41%~8.83%.Additionally,the soil electrical conductivity decreased by 16.67%~75.00%.