灌溉方式对石嘴山地区土壤盐渍化程度的影响

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Soil Salinization in Shizuishan Area

在宁夏石嘴山地区漫灌、喷灌、滴灌农田分别采集0~20、21~40、41~60、61~80、81~100 cm土层土壤样品,分析3种灌溉方式对土壤盐渍化程度的影响。结果表明:(1)漫灌和喷灌下不同土层盐分质量比均值的变化趋势基本一致,喷灌下表层土壤脱盐和下层土壤积盐现象明显,滴灌下土壤盐分表聚现象明显。(2)石嘴山地区(除平罗县外)现有耕地发生不同程度盐渍化的面积为542.47 km~2,占耕地总面积的52.33%,根据土壤盐渍化分级标准,漫灌下土壤无盐渍化,喷灌、滴灌下土壤均为轻度盐渍化。(3)喷灌和滴灌对土壤中阴、阳离子质量比的影响明显,漫灌基本无影响,其中SO_(4)^(2-)、Na^(+)质量比受灌溉方式的影响显著。

Soil samples were collected from the 0~20 cm,21~40 cm,41~60 cm,61~80 cm,and 81~100 cm soil layers in fields irrigated by surface flooding,sprinkler irrigation,and drip irrigation in Shizuishan City,Ningxia.The effects of the three irrigation methods on soil salinization were analyzed.The results showed that (1) the average mass ratio of salt content in different soil layers under surface flooding and sprinkler irrigation had similar changing trends.Surface desalination and subsoil salt accumulation were evident in sprinkler-irrigated fields,while soil salinization was evident in drip-irrigated fields.(2) Except Pingluo County,the current area of cultivated land affected by varying degrees of salinization is 542.47 km~2,accounting for 52.33%of the total cultivated land area in Shizuishan.According to the classification standard for soil salinization,the soil in surface-flooded fields was non-salinized,while the soil in sprinkler-irrigated and drip-irrigated fields was slightly salinized.(3) Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation had a significant impact on the concentration of anions and cations in the soil,while surface flooding had little effect.The content of SO_4~(2-)and Na~+was significantly influenced by the irrigation methods.