中西文化会通与近现代传记文学新变——以江苏传记文学的创作为例

Communication of Chinese and Western Cultures and New Changes in Modern and Contemporary Biographical Literature——A Case Study of the Creation of Jiangsu Biographical Literature

王韬创作于1880年的《弢园老民自传》表现出与中国古代传记不同的质地,被看作中国现代传记文学的发轫之作。中国有强大的史传传统,司马迁的《史记》是非常优秀的传记,到清代中国传记表现出渐渐脱离史传向文学变化的趋向,直至后来在西方传记文学的影响下,发展出新的特征。以近现代江苏传记文学作家的创作为例探讨近现代中国传记文学在创作方面的新变,具体如下:第一,西学影响下的主体意识之变;第二,中西碰撞中的国际视野之变;第三,自传的兴起;第四,实业家新形象的书写;第五,中国母亲形象的海外传播。中国近现代传记的写作和传播表现出中西文化会通的特点。

Wang Tao′s Autobiography of Tao Yuan in 1880 shows a different characteristic from ancient Chinese biographies,and is regarded as the beginning of modern Chinese biographical literature.China has a strong tradition of historical biography,and Sima Qian′s The Grand Scribe′s Records is a very excellent biography.In the Qing Dynasty,Chinese biography showed a trend of gradually changing from history to literature,and later developed new characteristics under the influence of western biographical literature.The paper takes the creation of modern Jiangsu biographical writers as an example to discuss the new changes in the creation of modern and contemporary Chinese biographical literature,and points out the specific changes of the subject consciousness under the influence of Western learning,changes in international perspectives,the rise of autobiography,the writing of the new image of industrialists,and the overseas dissemination of the image of Chinese mothers.The writing and dissemination of modern and contemporary Chinese biographies show the characteristics of communication of Chinese and Western cultures.