用于新型冠状病毒研究的小鼠和猴子动物模型

Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathology in mice and monkeys

随着严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)在世界范围内的传播,其基因组在不断突变进化,出现了α、β、γ、δ等不同的毒株,因而持续研发针对不同毒株的药物和疫苗是应对该病毒传播的核心。而构建SARS-CoV-2动物模型不仅用于研究新冠病毒的致病机制,也是评价SARS-CoV-2相关药物与疫苗治疗效果的关键。然而,常用的模式动物小鼠对野生型的SARS-CoV-2不易感,因此迫切需要能够感染新冠且更好地模拟人体病理生理状态的动物模型。本综述回顾了用于新冠病毒感染和传播的动物模型,以及这些模型在表征病毒免疫病理学方面的进展。

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues to spread globally,its genome is undergoing mutations and evolution,giving rise to various strains such as α,β,γ,and δ.Therefore,the continuous development of drugs and vaccines targeting the various strains has become pivotal to addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.Establishing animal models of SARS-CoV-2 enables study of the pathogenesis of the virus and is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.However,commonly used animal models such as mice exhibit limited susceptibility to wildtype SARS-CoV-2 infection,underscoring the urgent need for animal models that can be infected with the novel coronavirus and better simulate the human pathological and physiological conditions.This review summarizes the animal models used to study SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission,and their progress in characterizing the viral immunopathology.