船舶超大空间火灾环境下人员疏散模型

Evacuation model for super large space cabin of a ship under fire

针对船舶超大空间火灾对人员疏散能力的影响难以量化问题,本文基于元胞自动机理论,构建了一种行人个体自主分析火灾环境下温度和能见度影响的疏散模型(cellular automata model considering visibility and temperature, CAVT)。CAVT模型采用Sigmoid函数和历史实验数据建立温度、能见度与人员运动能力的映射关系,基于FDS数值模拟结果建立火灾环境场对人员个体运动能力影响的时空耦合关系,使用熵值法计算温度场和能见度场在火灾环境场中的权重。以某客船超大空间为例开展研究分析,结果表明:火灾环境下人员疏散时间受火源功率影响较大,火源位置影响较小,出口宽度大于3 m,不影响疏散效率。与Pathfinder软件相比,CAVT模型可更准确模拟人员因高温和低能见度导致的运动能力的动态下降反馈。

Quantification of the impact of a fire in a super large space on a ship on the evacuation ability of pedestrians can be challenging.To address this issue,based on the theory of cellular automata,this paper constructs an evacuation model CAVT for pedestrians to independently analyze the impact of temperature and visibility in the fire environment.The CAVT model uses the sigmoid function and historical experimental data to establish the mapping relationship among the temperature,visibility,and athletic ability of pedestrians.Based on the FDS numerical simulation data,the time-space coupling relationship of the impact of the fire environment field on the athletic ability of pedestrians is established.Moreover,the entropy method is used to calculate the weight coefficients of the temperature and visibility fields of the fire environment field.Considering a super large space on a passenger ship as an example,the results show that the evacuation time under a fire environment is greatly affected by the power of the fire source,while the location of the fire source is less affected,and the exit width is greater than 3 m,which does not affect the evacuation efficiency.Compared with the Pathfinder software,the CAVT model can simulate the dynamic decline feedback of pedestrians’athletic ability due to high temperature and low visibility with superior accuracy.