新型冠状病毒感染疫情前后儿童流感流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological investigation of influenza in children before and after the COVID-19 epidemic

目的分析新型冠状病毒感染疫情前后儿童流感的流行特征,为流感疫情防控提供科学依据。方法整理2018年1月至2021年12月西安医学院第一附属医院儿科流感病例流行病学资料,分析近年儿童流感感染情况,使用描述性流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果共上报6881例儿童流感病例,甲型流感共6308例,占91.67%,乙型流感573例,占8.33%,不同年份、不同抗原型流感比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男∶女为1.22∶1.00,性别对于流感感染无影响(P>0.05);流感发病随年龄增加呈现递增趋势,以学龄期(>6~14岁)儿童为主,不同年龄段感染流感比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);每年第一、四季度为流感高发季节,新冠前后不同季节发生流感病儿比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);流感地区分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒感染疫情后儿童流感病例明显下降,疫情防控政策也有效的控制了流感流行;每年第一、四季度为流感高发季节,应注重流感季节流感防控及筛查;学龄期(>6~14岁)儿童发病率高,关注此类人群的防护。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in children before and after the COVID-19 epidem⁃ic and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics.Methods The epidemiological data of pediat⁃ric influenza cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were collected to analyze influenza infections in children in recent years and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 6881 cases of influenza in children were reported,including 6308 cases of influenza A,accounting for 91.67%,and 573 cas⁃es of influenza B,accounting for 8.33%,and the difference in different years and different antigenic types of influenza was statistically significant(P<0.05).The ratio of males to females was 1.22∶1.00,and there was no significant difference between the sexes in influ⁃enza infection(P>0.05).The incidence of influenza increased with and was dominated by school-age(>6-14 years old)children,and the difference in influenza infection among different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The first and fourth quarters of each year had a high incidence of influenza,and the difference between children with influenza in different seasons before and after the new crown was statistically significant(P<0.05).The regional distribution of influenza was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Con⁃clusions The number of influenza cases in children dropped significantly after the COVID-19 epidemic,and epidemic prevention and control policies have effective in controlling the influenza epidemic.The first and fourth quarters of the year are the high influenza sea⁃son,and attention should be given to influenza prevention and control and screening during the influenza season.School-age(>6-14 years old)children have a high incidence of the disease,and attention should be given to the protection of this group.