虚拟环境商标保护问题研究 --基于典型案例的分析

Research on Trademark Protection in Virtual Environment:Based on the Analysis of Typical Cases

近期美国、欧盟等多起涉及虚拟商品和NFTs商标侵权的典型案例表明,需要通过对虚拟商品和NFTs进行商标意义上的详细商品/服务分类和精准描述,用以明显区分与其形成对应关系的实物商品和虚拟商品。对于侵权行为的认定则必须关注所在虚拟场景与现实世界的相似度、市场行为的融合度以及由此对消费者造成的对商品来源的认知影响等要素。对侵权行为的抗辩,基于NFTs可能具有金融、权证和艺术品的多重属性,有必要结合具体的案例,只有在能够证明用于铸造的底层内容具有艺术性并且不会造成混淆,或者单纯地用于权属证明而不是实现金融目的的情况下,才可以适用“合理使用”或者“权利用尽”原则。

through the United States,the European Union and so on many related to virtual goods and NFTS trademark infringement typical case comprehensive analysis,it is pointed out that virtual goods and NFTs need detailed goods/services classification and accurate description in the sense of trademark.To form a corresponding relationship with the physical goods and virtual goods form a clear distinction between each other.At the same time,we must pay attention to the similarity between the virtual scene and the real world,the integration of the market behavior and the cognitive impact on the consumers.In addition,for NFTS,due to its possible multiple attributes of finance,warrants and artwork,it must be combined with a specific case,the“Fair use”or“Exhaustion of rights”doctrine may be invoked only if it can be proved that the underlying content used in the foundry is artistic and does not cause confusion or is used solely for the proof of title rather than for the realization of finance.