无主把字句

The Ba Construction with Non-subject

文章在统计与分析的基础上,对无主把字句的语义类型、结构特点、成因及主观性进行了考察。发现当主语因使因成分而受抑制(A1类),或因无需根究而隐含(A2类)时会形成无主把字句。说话人之所以对使因成分进行抑制,是为了打破客观致使,建立一种主观致使关系;之所以对使因成分进行隐含,是为了让把字的宾语占据句首位置,成为移情的对象。A1类无主把字句的使因成分施动性极弱,被使事件却具有强影响性。而弱施事之所以能够产生强影响,是因为这种强影响体现的是说话人的主观认识,具有主观性。

Based on the statistical analysis of authentic materials,this paper investigates the semantic types,structural characteristics,causes and subjectivity of the Ba construction with non-subject.It is found that when the behavioral actor is restrained by causative elements(class A1)or implied by reason of no need to investigate(class A2),the Ba construction with non-subject will be formed.The reason why the speaker restrains the causative element is to break the objective causative relationship and establish a subjective causative relationship.The reason why the causative element is implied is to make the object of Ba occupy the first position of the sentence and become the object of empathy.The Ba construction with non-subject of A1 has the characteristics of higher affectedness and lower agency.The reason why lower agency can make higher affectedness is mainly based on high subjectivity.Furthermore,the high subjectivity of Ba construction with non-subject is demonstrated from the distribution of the Ba—construction with non-subject in different genres.