数字平台算法决策歧视的认定与规制

Recognition and Regulation of Discrimination in Digital Platform Algorithmic Decisions

基于算法决策的数字歧视是算法社会化应用中一项亟待解决的问题。算法对于个体的重塑效应是歧视产生的直接原因,而算法之社会化应用过程中的价值冲突则是产生算法歧视的根本原因。由此也导致了算法分析过程呈现出忽略意义的关系分析,以概率性陈述为基础的算法评价所导致的受保护特征的不确定。算法社会化应用中的歧视认定,应当冲破传统反歧视理论,从受保护场景、是否存在算法支配关系、基于受保护特征的差别待遇、对个体或者群体的不利影响以及是否符合比例原则几个角度综合评估。有鉴于此,《个人信息保护法》第24条的相关表述需要进行重新解释和厘定,其中包括决策“公平、公正”、算法解释的内容等;另外,基于算法的数字歧视行为,需同现行侵权制度接榫,并适时进行制度赓续,完善算法歧视的规范治理体系。

Algorithmic discrimination is an emerging issue in the social application of algorithms that urgently needs to be addressed.The remodeling effect of algorithms on individuals is the direct cause of discrimination,while the value conflicts in the social application process of algorithms are the fundamental reason for algorithmic discrimination.This has led to the algorithm analysis process ignoring meaningful relationship analysis,resulting in uncertain protected characteristics for algorithmic evaluations based on probabilistic statements.In the recognition of discrimination in algorithmic social applications,we should break through traditional anti-discrimination theories and comprehensively evaluate several perspectives including protected scenarios,the existence of algorithmic dominance relationships,discrimination based on protected characteristics,adverse effects on individuals or groups and compliance with proportionality principles.Therefore,the relevant statements in Article 24 of the Personal Information Protection Law need to be reinterpreted and determined,including the concepts of“fairness”and“justice”in decision-making and the content of algorithm explanations.Additionally,algorithmic digital discrimination behavior needs to be integrated with existing infringement systems while such systems also need to be continuously improved,as well as the normative governance system for algorithmic discrimination.