饲粮中添加芦丁对努比亚山羊体尺指标、瘤胃发酵和器官发育的影响

Effects of dietary rutin on body size indices,rumen fermentation and organ development of Nubian goats

为研究饲粮中添加芦丁对努比亚山羊体尺指标、瘤胃发酵和器官发育的影响,试验选择2月龄健康、体重相近的努比亚山羊母羊36只,随机分为3组,每组12只羊。分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+25 mg/kg芦丁(试验Ⅰ组)和基础饲粮+50 mg/kg芦丁(试验Ⅱ组)。试验预饲期10 d,正试期60 d。饲养结束后进行屠宰。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,正试期第10天试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组山羊管围分别显著提高5.57%(P<0.05)、6.93%(P<0.05),正试期第60天试验Ⅱ组管围和体高分别显著降低6.54%(P<0.05)、8.23%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组体长相对于Ⅰ组显著提高3.69%(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组山羊丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度分别显著降低42.14%(P<0.05)、21.62%(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度分别显著降低29.23%(P<0.05)、29.43%(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组山羊瘤胃产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、乳酸菌和黄色瘤胃球菌基因相对表达量分别提高271.57%(P<0.01)、1686.09%(P<0.05)、280.00%(P<0.01)和16226.73%(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组白色瘤胃球菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃菌、乳酸菌和黄色瘤胃球菌基因相对表达量分别提高130.56%(P<0.01)、381.74%(P<0.05)、188.00%(P<0.01)、546.00%(P<0.01)、25624.75%(P<0.01),嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌基因相对表达量降低57.89%(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅱ组嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、白色瘤胃球菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃菌和乳酸菌基因相对表达量对比差异极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05),黄色瘤胃球菌基因相对表达量对比差异不显著(P>0.05)。(4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组山羊心脏重量、瓣胃重量和指数分别显著降低14.50%(P<0.05)、24.00%(P<0.05)、20.00%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组肝脏重量和指数分别提高12.54%(P<0.01)、14.95%(P<0.01),瓣胃重量和指数分别显著降低29.41%(P<0.05)、28.57%(P<0.05)。(5)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组山羊十二指肠VH/CD和回肠VH分别显著降低0.13%(P<0.05)、15.42%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组十二指肠VH、CD、回肠VH、VH/CD分别显著降低29.19%(P<0.05)、20.92%(P<0.05)、18.23%(P<0.05)、26.14%(P<0.05),空肠CD显著提高15.63%(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加高剂量芦丁可以增加努比亚山羊部分瘤胃菌群的数量,影响瘤胃发酵,对胃肠道发育产生负面影响。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rutin supplementation on body size indexes,rumen fermentation and organ development of Nubian goats.Thirty-six 2-month-old healthy Nubian goat ewes with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 goats per group.The hens were fed basal diet(control group),basal diet+25 mg/kg rutin(trial groupⅠ)and basal diet+50 mg/kg rutin(trial groupⅡ),respectively.The experimental pre-feeding period lasted for 10 days and the experimental period lasted for 60 days.Slaughter was carried out after feeding.The results show that:(1)Compared with the control group,the tube circumference of test groupsⅠandⅡon the 10th day of trial period was significantly increased by 5.57%(P<0.05)and 6.93%(P<0.05),respectively,and the tube circumference and body height of test groupⅡon the 60th day of trial period were significantly decreased by 6.54%(P<0.05)and 8.23%(P<0.05),respectively.The body length of trial groupⅡwas significantly increased by 3.69%compared with that of groupⅠ(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the concentrations of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid of goats in trial groupⅠwere significantly decreased by 42.14%(P<0.05)and 21.62%(P<0.05),respectively.Acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid concentrations in trial groupⅡwere significantly decreased by 29.23%(P<0.05)and 29.43%(P<0.05),respectively.(3)Compared with the control group,the gene relatire expression of Fibrobacter succinogenes,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,Lactobacillus sPP and Ruminococcus in the rumen of goat of trial groupⅠwas increased by 271.57%(P<0.01),1686.09%(P<0.05),280.00%(P<0.01)and 16226.73%(P<0.01),respectively.The gene relatire expression of Ruminococcus albus,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,Prevotella ruminicola,Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens increased by 130.56%(P<0.01),381.74%(P<0.05),188.00%(P<0.01),546.00%(P<0.01),25624.75%(P<0.01),respectively.The relative expression level of Ruminobacter amylophilus gene was decreased by 57.89%(P<0.05).Trial groupⅠand trial groupⅡRuminobacter amylophilus,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus albus,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens,Prevotella ruminicola and Lactobacillus sPP gene relative expression was significantly different(P<0.01)or significant(P<0.05),while Ruminococcus flavefaciens gene relative expression was not significantly different(P>0.05).(4)Compared with the control group,the heart weight,omasum weight and index of goats in trialⅠgroup were significantly decreased by 14.50%(P<0.05),24.00%(P<0.05)and 20.00%(P<0.05),respectively.The liver weight and index of trial groupⅡwere increased by 12.54%(P<0.01)and 14.95%(P<0.01),respectively,and the omasum weight and index were significantly decreased by 29.41%(P<0.05)and 28.57%(P<0.05),respectively.(5)Compared with the control group,duodenal VH/CD and ileum VH in trial groupⅠwere significantly decreased by 0.13%(P<0.05)and 15.42%(P<0.05),respectively.Duodenal VH,CD,ileum VH and VH/CD in trial groupⅡwere significantly decreased by 29.19%(P<0.05),20.92%(P<0.05),18.23%(P<0.05)and 26.14%(P<0.05),respectively,and jejunal CD was significantly increased by 15.63%(P<0.05).In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,dietary addition of high-dose rutin could increase the number of rumen microflora of some Nubian goats,affect rumen fermentation,and had a negative effect on gastrointestinal development.