加工方式对富硒菜籽油中硒含量及形态变化的影响

Effects of Processing Methods on Selenium Content and Form Changes in Selenium-Enriched Rapeseed Oil

为深入研究富硒菜籽油的硒营养价值,助力地方特色农产品的产业发展,本文利用3种不同加工方式(热榨、冷榨、浸出)加工生产富硒菜籽油,并对其硒含量、有机硒含量、硒形态进行了测定,对体外生物利用度进行了研究。结果表明,油菜籽、冷榨菜籽油、浸出菜籽油、热榨菜籽油硒含量依次为0.41 mg·kg^(-1)、0.31 mg·kg^(-1)、0.20 mg·kg^(-1)、0.14 mg·kg^(-1);冷榨的加工方式有机硒含量占总硒比(77.42%)优于热榨和浸出的加工方式;不同加工方式的富硒菜籽油中各种硒形态的分布有所不同,Se Met是菜籽油中最主要的硒形态(SeMet在冷榨、浸出油、热榨总硒中占比分别为30.06%、27.82%、26.84%);以冷榨加工方式处理的菜籽油生物利用度最佳,冷榨、浸出油、热榨的体外生物利用度分别为30.88%、27.16%、26.19%,3种不同加工方式的菜籽油中SeMet生物利用度均大于50%,高于Se(Ⅵ)、Se(Ⅳ)两种无机硒形态生物利用度2倍及以上。研究结果为富硒菜籽油的精深加工提供了数据理论支持。

In order to deeply study the selenium nutritional value of selenium-enriched rapeseed oil and help the industrial development of regional characteristic agricultural products,this paper utilizes three different processing methods(hot pressing,cold pressing,and leaching)to process and produce selenium-enriched rapeseed oil.The selenium content,organic selenium content,and selenium form were also determined,and the in vitro bioavailability was studied.The results show:The selenium content of rapeseed,cold-pressed rapeseed oil,leached rapeseed oil,and hot-pressed rapeseed oil was 0.41 mg·kg^(-1),0.31 mg·kg^(-1),0.20 mg·kg^(-1),and 0.14 mg·kg^(-1),in that order;the organic selenium content to total selenium ratio(77.42%)of the cold-pressed process was superior to that of the hot-pressed and leached processes;the distribution of various selenium forms in selenium-enriched canola oils from different processing methods varied,and SeMet was the most dominant form of selenium in canola oil(SeMet accounted for 30.06%,27.82%,and 26.84%of the total selenium in cold-pressed,leached oil,and hot-pressed,respectively);the bioavailability of rapeseed oil processed by cold pressing was the best,and the in vitro bioavailability of cold pressed,leached oil,and hot pressed were 30.88%,27.16%,and 26.19%,respectively,in which the bioavailability of SeMet in rapeseed oil from the three different processing modes was greater than 50%,which was two times or more higher than that of the two inorganic selenium forms of Se(VI)and Se(IV).The results of the study provide data and theoretical support for the deep processing of selenium-enriched rapeseed oil.