形成性评估研究:回顾与展望

Formative assessment research:Retrospect and prospect

本文是对形成性评估实证研究的回顾与展望。笔者首先澄清形成性评估的概念,然后从评估实践研究、形成性评估的有效性等方面简要回顾了形成性评估研究的关注点。接着,笔者介绍了两个形成性评估的理论框架,并以理论框架为蓝本明确形成性评估研究路线图。笔者认为,理论框架能帮助推导实证研究的需求;同时,将研究问题放回理论框架之中,才能“既见树木,又见森林”。最后,本文从三方面对形成性评估研究进行展望,并引出对本期专栏的介绍。

This paper is a review of empirical research on formative assessment.It also serves to contextualize this column that focuses on formative assessment.The paper begins by clarifying the concept of formative assessment and its operationalization.Empirical research on formative assessment is next reviewed,focusing on practices,effectiveness,specific components,common tools,and assessment literacy.We then introduce a roadmap for research on formative assessment,using two theoretical frameworks as a blueprint.We argue that theoretical frameworks can generate specific focal research topics,and help researchers see the forest for the trees.Finally,this article provides a three-pronged outlook on formative assessment research and leads to the empirical articles in this column.