多元系统视角下《暴风雨》汉译模式的对比研究

Comparative Study of the Chinese Translation Modes of The Tempest from the Perspective of Polysystem

埃文-佐哈尔的多元系统翻译观认为翻译文学是文学动态多元系统不可分割的部分,翻译文学与特定文学存在此起彼伏的关系。玄幻主义戏剧《暴风雨》是英国文艺复兴巨匠莎士比亚晚期表达人文主义精神的巅峰之作,民国时期以来多位中国翻译家对其进行了汉译实践。本文研究朱生豪与方平《暴风雨》汉译本,对比两译本在多元系统视角下的翻译模式与策略选择的异同,并结合历史、文化与社会状况探求原因。研究发现,翻译文学在译入语文学中心位置时,朱生豪采取顺应《暴风雨》原剧本“文化意象”与“语言表达形式”的翻译模式,“以散文译莎”,创造性地发挥译者的主体性;相比之下,新中国成立后翻译文学退居边缘位置,方平运用更加符合中国本土文学的策略处理《暴风雨》中的“文化意象”与“表达方式”,“以诗译莎”,也保留了原作文体特色。动态的多元系统很大程度上体现出译者对翻译模式的倾向与选择,同时,译者并不完全受多元系统制约,而是在具体社会背景中创造性地进行翻译实践。多元系统框架中对不同版本译著的阐释,有助于深刻挖掘经典译文的多维度时代内涵。

Evan Zohar’s polysystem theory considers translated literature an inseparable part of the dynamic polysystem of literature,with a constantly changing relationship between translated literature and specific literary works.Shakespeare’s late masterpiece of humanism,the fantasy play The Tempest,has been translated into Chinese by multiple translators since the Republic of China era.This paper focuses on the translations by Zhu Shenghao and Fang Ping,comparing the similarities and differences in their translation modes and strategies from a poly-systemic perspective and exploring the reasons for these differences in the context of history,cul-ture,and society.When translated literature occupied a central position in the target literature,Zhu Shenghao adopted a translation mode that conformed to the“cultural images”and“expressive styles”of the original script of The Tempest but creatively utilized his subjectivity by translating Shakespeare’s works into prose.In contrast,after establishing the People’s Republic of China,translated literature moved to the periphery.Fang Ping employed strategies more in line with local Chinese literature to handle the“cultural images”and“expressive styles”in The Tempest while retaining the original work’s literary style by translating it into poetry.The study indicates that the dynamic polysystem largely reflects the translator’s tendencies and choices in translation modes and that translators are not entirely restricted by the poly-systemic framework but are creatively engaged in translation practices within spe-cific social contexts.The interpretation of different versions of translated works within the poly-systemic framework helps to explore the multi-dimensional connotations of classic translations deeply.