允许缺货下的生鲜产品多级库存与定价决策

Multi-echelon Inventory and Pricing Decision of Fresh Products with Allowable Shortage

为了探讨多级生鲜供应链的库存与定价决策,在允许缺货的条件下,以单供应商、多分销商和多零售商组成的三级生鲜供应链系统为研究对象,考虑新鲜度因素并构建符合实际产品特性的新鲜度函数、保鲜投入成本影响的变质损耗函数和受新鲜度、价格、库存水平3因素影响的需求函数。针对零售商降价销售的情况,根据临界库存得到订货量与销售价格之间的数量关系,建立以供应链整体利润最大化为目标的三级库存优化控制模型。运用免疫算法求解得到最优库存与定价决策,通过算例分析验证了模型的有效性。研究结果表明:采取降价策略、制订合理的价格、维持稳定的库存水平、适当的保鲜投入能有效减少变质损耗,提高销售量和销售利润。

In order to discuss the inventory and pricing decision of the multi-echelon fresh products supply chain,under the condition of allowing shortage,a three-level fresh food supply chain system composed of single supplier,multiple distributors and multiple retailers was taken as the research object.Considering the freshness factor,the freshness function in line with the actual product characteristics,the deterioration loss function affected by the freshness input cost,and the demand function affected by the three factors of freshness,price and inventory level were constructed.In the case of retailers selling at reduced prices,the quantitative relationship between the order quantity and the sales price was obtained according to the critical inventory.Based on this,a three-level inventory optimization control model aiming at maximizing the overall profit of the supply chain was established.The optimal inventory and pricing decisions were obtained by using immune algorithm,and the effectiveness of the model was verified by an example analysis.The research results show that adopting price reduction strategy,formulating reasonable price,maintaining stable inventory level and appropriate preservation input can effectively reduce deterioration loss and improve sales volume and sales profit.