同期声电影与音乐影像志的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of Synchronous Sound Films and Music Ethnography

影视人类学自其萌生之初,便致力于将田野调查中的影像与声音素材结合为一,从而使它们成为了彼此支撑的民族志资料,这也是同一时期民族音乐家们的研究诉求。有声电影,尤其是同期声电影技术出现之后,影音同构的民族志电影成为人类学家与民族音乐家开展音乐文化调查的重要工具。同期声提供了音乐影像志的核心价值,特别是在以史诗、唱诵为记忆传承方式的非文字社会里,以人类学理论方法为依托的音乐影像志能够强化社会语境,深描音乐文化细节,提供主体表达的地方性知识,进行整体性的音乐文化叙事,促进民族音乐的跨文化交流。

Visual anthropology,since its early development,has been dedicated to merging audio and visual materials from field research,and transforming them into interdependent ethnographic resources.This approach also mirrors the research goals of ethnomusicologists during the same era.With the emergence of sound cinema,particularly films with synchronous sound technology,ethnographic films featuring audio-visual harmony became crucial tools for anthropologists and ethnomusicologists in their exploration of musical cultures.The incorporation of synchronous sound enhances the value of these films,making them particularly impactful in non-literate societies where oral traditions such as epics and chants are prevalent.These visual ethnographies,rooted in anthropological theories and methods,deepen the understanding of social context and cultural details of music,provide localized knowledgefor the subjects to express,and narrate comprehensive musical culture.They advance intercultural dialogue in the field of ethnic music.