港外水域虚拟验潮站水位推算研究

Research on water level reckoning of virtual tide station in outer port waters

港口航道图测绘期间出于潮位控制的需要,除了利用长期验潮站外需要另设其他短期/临时验潮站。如何深入利用常设短期验潮站积累的历史水位资料以有效减少验潮工作量,已成为海洋测绘实践需解决的现实课题。基于港口长期验潮站与常设短期验潮站的历史同步实测水位资料,采用潮汐差分订正与余水位传递技术,实现了一种精度可靠的港外水域虚拟验潮站水位恢复方法。归纳了港口短期验潮站进行潮汐差分订正的适用条件,列出了采用该种虚拟水位技术恢复水位方法的计算步骤。实例验证及精度评估表明,经潮汐差分订正后的虚拟验潮站采用“天文潮位+邻近验潮站传递余水位法”恢复水位的推算精度,可以满足相关技术规范要求。

During the surveying of the port and fairway charts,for the purpose of tidal level control,in addition to using long-term tide stations,other short-term/temporary tide stations need to be established.How to deeply utilize the historical water level data accumulated by standing short-term tide stations to effectively reduce the workload of tidal observation has become a practical issue that needs to be solved in hydrographic surveying and charting practice.The paper is based on the historical synchronous measured water level data of long-term and standing short-term tide stations in ports,and adopts tidal difference correction and residual water level transfer technology to achieve a reliable-precision method for restoring the water level of virtual tide stations in outer port waters.Moreover,the paper summarizes the applicable conditions of tidal difference correction for short-term stations,and the difference correction algorithm and the calculation steps of virtual station water levels extraction.The verification and accuracy assessment verifies that the calculation accuracy of the virtual tide station's restoring water levels by the mothed of astronomical tide level plus transfered residual water levels of adjacent tide station meet the requirements of relevant technical specifications.