不同来源外泌体对缺血性脑血管病的治疗作用研究进展

Research progress on therapeutic effect of exosomes from different sources on ischemic cerebrovascular disease

缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)是指局部脑组织由于供血障碍发生的变性、坏死或是一过性的功能丧失,是神经系统常见疾病之一。外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一个亚群,具有生物相容性好、毒性和免疫原性低、可设计性强等特点。外泌体的成分包括蛋白质、脂质、遗传物质等,其来源广泛,可由多种细胞在生理或病理情况下分泌。不同来源的外泌体在ICVD治疗中的作用及相关机制不同。本文综述了间充质干细胞、脑细胞、血液、内皮细胞、巨噬细胞来源的外泌体对ICVD的治疗作用及相关机制,以期为ICVD的临床治疗提供参考。

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD)refers to the degeneration,necrosis,or transient loss of function of local brain tissue due to blood supply disorders,and is one of the common neurological diseases.Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles,characterized by good biocompatibility,low toxicity and immunogenicity,and strong designability.The components of exosomes include proteins,lipids,genetic materials,etc.They come from a wide range of sources and can be secreted by various cells under physiological or pathological conditions.The roles and related mechanisms of exosomes from different sources in the treatment of ICVD are different.This article reviews the therapeutic effects and related mechanisms of exesomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells,brain cells,blood,endothelial cells,and macrophages on ICVD,in order to provide reference for the clinical treatment of ICVD.