组织韧性对制造企业产品成本优势的双刃剑效应

The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Organizational Resilience on Product Cost Advantage of Manufacturing Enterprises

组织韧性作为制造企业应对外部冲击和实现可持续发展的重要能力,在对制造企业产品成本优势产生促进作用的同时,也可能产生潜在的消极作用。基于资源保存理论,利用2010—2020年我国沪深A股制造业上市公司数据,实证分析组织韧性对制造企业产品成本优势的双刃剑效应,以及环境不确定性和数字技术应用对该效应的调节作用。研究表明:组织韧性对制造企业产品成本优势具有双刃剑效应,二者间关系呈典型的倒U型特征。通过替换核心变量、改变样本区间、变换聚类层级、更换固定效应及采用工具变量进行内生性分析后,仍得到一致结果;在组织韧性与制造企业产品成本优势的关系中,环境不确定性、数字技术应用均发挥负向调节作用;异质性分析表明,组织韧性对制造企业产品成本优势的双刃剑效应具有企业产权异质性、企业规模异质性和地理位置异质性,在国有企业、大型企业和东部地区双刃剑效应更显著。因此,为提升产品成本优势,制造企业应认识到组织韧性是把双刃剑,充分发挥其积极效应,规避潜在的负面效应;正确看待环境不确定性,提升数字技术应用水平。

As an important ability for manufacturing enterprises to cope with external shocks and achieve sustainable development,organizational resilience not only promotes the product cost advantage of enterprises,but also brings potential negative effects.Based on conservation of resource theory,using the data of Chinese A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2010 to 2020,the authors empirically analyze the double-edged sword effect of organizational resilience on the product cost advantage of manufacturing enterprises,as well as the moderating effects of environmental uncertainty and the application of digital technology.The results show that organizational resilience has a double-edged sword effect on the product cost advantage of manufacturing enterprises,and there is a typical inverted U-shaped relation between them.After replacing the core variables,changing the sample interval,changing the clustering level,replacing the fixed effects,and adopting instrumental variables for endogeneity analysis,the results are still consistent.Environmental uncertainty and digital technology application level have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between organizational resilience and product cost advantage of manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis shows that double-edged sword effect of organizational resilience on the product cost advantage of manufacturing firms has enterprise property rights heterogeneity,enterprise size heterogeneity and geographic location heterogeneity;and that is,the double-edged sword effect on the product cost advantage of manufacturing enterprises is more significant for state-owned enterprises,large enterprises and eastern regions.Therefore,to enhance the product cost advantage of manufacturing enterprises,manufacturing enterprises should realize that organizational resilience is a double-edged sword,and they should give full play to its positive effects and avoid potential negative effects;and it is also important to correctly view the environmental uncertainty and improve the level of digital technology application.