坊里何处?——西安古城空间制度变迁与历史建成环境保护的思考

A Critical Research on the Urban Spatial Institution Vicissitude and Built Environment Protection of Xi’an Historic City

基于历史性城市景观的研究框架,首先通过耙梳考辨史志文献与民俗资料,总结了后都城时代西安古城在空间规划管理制度层面的历史性层积,着力考证了宋金厢坊制京兆府城5个厢、元代街坊制奉元路城10个坊里、明清里甲制西安府城69个坊里的空间格局及其沿袭演进脉络。其后在长期访谈调查的基础上,从城市空间制度对应的土地和房屋权属、建设利用模式、社会空间组织关系的变迁切入,剖析西安古城历史坊里街区与建筑大规模拆除和严重劣化问题。研究的落脚点是从知识规划、公众参与、财务金融、监管制度等层面为历史建成环境保护再生工作提供思考。

Based on the research framework of Historic Urban Landscape,this paper firstly attempts to sort out and summarize the historic layering in urban spatial planning and management institution of Xi’an historic city in the post-capital era through textual research on historical document and folk culture materials.It focuses on the spatial pattern and corresponding contemporary position of the five Xiangs in Jingzhao-Fu City of the Song and Jin Dynasties,the ten Fanglis in Fengyuan-Lu City of the Yuan Dynasty,the sixty-nine Fanglis in Xi’an-Fu City of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and also the vicissitude process among them.Subsequently,based on long-term field interview and investigation,this paper analyzes the large-scale demolition and serious deterioration of historic Fangli neighborhoods and buildings in Xi’an,from transitions in land and building ownership,construction and utilization models,and social spatial organization relationships corresponding to the urban spatial institution.Finally,it tries to provide reflections on the protection and regeneration of historic built environment from the perspectives of knowledge planning,public participation,finance,and supervisory system.