论中国传统木构建筑现代传承之困

Analysis and Reflection on the Difficulties of Modern Inheritance of Chinese Traditional Wooden Architecture

木构是中国传统建筑最突出的特征。近几十年里,历史发展的诸多影响因素,使得传统木构建筑的营建无法有效承续,对其传承价值产生误判与漠视,导致中国传统建筑精神与智慧无法对应当下,更遑论引领未来。文章认为,中国传统木构建筑在当下面临之传承困境主要有理念之困、结构之困、材料之困、人才之困四个方面。通过揭示中国传统建筑走入困局的历史原因及传承发展的现实遭遇,现行建筑设计规范对木构建造的诸多限制,本土建材的现代化研究缺乏,以及传统木结构无法得到有效计算等问题,明确传统木构建筑在当代传承的发展障碍及其原因。并提出从观念上摆脱对传统木构认识的形式误区,建立基于传统木构自身营建规律的知识体系。从传统出发,或能寻求突破,摆脱困局。

Wooden structure is the most prominent feature of traditional Chinese architecture,and a mature construction system was formed very early in history.However,multiple factors in the past several decades have resulted in misjudgment and negligence in the heritage value of traditional Chinese wooden architecture.This misinterpretation has therefore made it incapable of responding to contemporary and future needs.This article analyzes the historical and contemporary reasons regarding Chinese traditional wooden architecture's predicament from four aspects:concept,structure,material,and human resource.Through analyzing issues such as restrictions on wooden buildings in the current governmental architectural design criterion,the lack of research on local materials,and inability to conduct force analysis on traditional wooden structures,the article reveals the obstacle in inheritance for the development of traditional wooden buildings in contemporary situation.In the meantime,the article suggests the change of the stereotypical misunderstanding on traditional wooden architecture.It is necessary to comprehensively study traditional resources to explore the excellence of traditional wooden architecture,and establish a construction knowledge system for wooden architecture based on historical disciplines.We seek breakthroughs for contemporary representation of traditional wooden architecture in materials,structures,construction,and traditional building modes,and explore a possible way of tackling modern challenges for traditional architecture.