马克思生产力思想的逻辑进程及现实启示

The Logical Process and Realistic Enlightenment of Marx’s Thought on Productivity

马克思对生产力的认识经历了感性具体、具体到抽象、抽象到具体的逻辑进程。在早期著作中,马克思基于人本主义框架审视资产阶级发展生产力的手段及其对工人的剥削,在感性具体的材料中总结出生产力的多种形式及基本属性。从《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》到《哲学的贫困》阶段,马克思在物质活动中认识到人的主体性及建构性,确认评判社会制度的标准以及历史发展的动力,从社会生产的具体形式中抽象出生产力的本质规定及其发展规律。在《资本论》及其手稿中,马克思通过对劳动、机器、资本的详细解析,揭示了生产力的劳动主体属性、物化对象化表现及其被占有的发生机制,在思维具体层面综合分析生产力的多重本质及其内在关联。马克思生产力思想对当代中国激发劳动者创造力、改造劳动方式、优化经济制度具有重要的指导价值。

Marx’s understanding of productive forces has gone through a logical process of perceptual concreteness,concreteness to abstraction,and abstraction to concreteness.In his early writings,Marx examined the bourgeoisie’s means of developing productive forces and their exploitation of workers based on a humanistic framework.He summed up the various forms and basic properties of productivity in perceptual concrete materials.From“Theses on Feuerbach”to“The Poverty of Philosophy”,Marx recognized the subjectivity and constructivity of human beings in material activities,and confirmed the criteria for judging social systems and the driving force of historical development.In“Das Kapital”and its manuscripts,on the basis of analyzing labor,machinery and capital in detail,Marx revealed the main attributes of labor,materialized and objectified manifestations of productive forces,and the occurrence mechanism of their possession.At the specific level of thinking,he comprehensively analyzes the multiple natures of productive forces and their internal relations.Marx’s thought on productivity has important guiding value for stimulating the creativity of laborers,transforming labor methods and optimizing the economic system in contemporary China.