短期自由刑的适用控制与轻罪治理策略

Controlling the Application of Short-term Imprisonment and Strategies for Dealing with Petty Crime

面对轻罪时代的到来,晚近的立法活动和司法实践在治理犯罪的理念方面进行了调整。但目前针对危险驾驶罪、帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪、袭警罪等轻罪,大量适用短期自由刑的治理策略并不合适。国内外的大量研究充分揭示了短期自由刑的弊端。对此,需要根据刑罚的基本理念,结合犯罪发生的实际情况,借鉴国外并不依靠短期自由刑就能够实现有效社会治理的成功经验,及时对轻罪的基本治理策略进行重大调整。对于大量轻罪,可以由检察机关作不起诉处理;对于进入审判环节的案件,尽可能判处3年以下有期徒刑并同时宣告缓刑;除此之外,可以通过单处罚金、免予刑事处罚来处理轻罪案件,从而大幅度减少对罪犯的监禁,在轻罪治理中落实宽严相济刑事政策。

In the face of the reality of the era of petty crimes,recent legislative activities and judicial practices have adjusted the concept of governing crimes.However,the current governance strategy of extensively applying short-term imprisonment,such as criminal detention and fixed-term imprisonment of up to three years for crimes such as dangerous driving,helping information network criminal activities,and police assault,is not appropriate.A large amount of research at home and abroad has fully revealed the drawbacks of short-term imprisonment.In this regard,it is necessary to carefully review the actual situation of crime occurrence,combine the basic concept of punishment,learn from foreign countries’successful experience in achieving effective social governance without relying on short-term imprisonment,and promptly make major adjustments to the basic governance strategy.For a large number of petty crimes,the procuratorial organs can handle them by not prosecuting;for cases that enter the trial link,the court should sentence the defendant to fixed-term imprisonment of up to three years and simultaneously declare a suspended sentence;in addition,petty crimes can be handled by imposing fines or exempting from criminal punishment,thereby greatly reducing the imprisonment of criminals and concretely implementing the criminal policy of combining leniency with strictness in petty crime governance.