网络数据犯罪立法的三大重要问题

Three Important Issues in the Legislation of Cyber Data Crime

将“对技术工具的不法利用行为”作为构成要件内容,属于手段型立法,不符合刑法的明确性要求。对于网络数据犯罪的构成要件,应采取目的型立法方式,要挖掘有明确法益指向的具体行为类型。准确定位网络数据犯罪的法益,才能确保立法的理性。数据法益不适合作为刑法上的独立法益,应通过刑法历来关注的个人法益,以及有具体内容且有公共危险指向的集体法益,对网络数据犯罪的法益予以限制性把握。在中国持续严密刑事法网以及社会高速发展不断催生多样化不法类型的趋势下,单一法典模式面临着现实压力,也存在“全而不专”的问题。应当重视单行刑法和附属刑法的价值,逐步建设具有交互性的多元法源体系。

Taking“the illegal use of technical tools”as the main content of crime constitution does not meet the requirement of clarity of criminal law.To establish the constitutive elements of cyber data crime,a purpose-oriented legislative approach should be adopted,focusing on specific types of behaviors that have a clear legal interest.Only by accurately identifying the legal interest of cyber data crime can we ensure the rationality of legislation.Data interest is not suitable as an independent legal interest in criminal law,the legal interest of cyber data crime should be limited to individual legal interests that criminal law has always paid attention to,as well as collective legal interests with specific content and public danger.With the continuous tightening of criminal law networks in our country and the rapid development of society,relying solely on a single legal code is not only facing practical pressure but also the problem of being“all-encompassing but not specialized.”We should emphasize the value of separate criminal laws and supplementary criminal laws and gradually build an interactive plural source system of criminal law.