菲尼斯“中心情形”下的新自然法理论述要

Explanation of New Natural Law Theory in the"Central Case Method"of Finnis

菲尼斯的新自然法理论以中心情形为理论语境,整合了古典自然法和现代自然法理论。菲尼斯新自然法理论的中心情形是对哈特内在观点的限制,要求行动者审慎、明智且满足实践合理性的要求。实践理性预设了善,人的行动应当遵循实践理性原则。实践理性原则在人类整体生活中具有道德性力量,产生了道德原则和实践合理性原则。人们依据实践合理性原则思考并行动,在行动中发现并认识自然法。法律的中心情形是权威机构为了协调共同善制定的规则。菲尼斯从协调共同善的现实需要推导出权威的存在必要性,认为法律是权威协调共同善问题的唯一方法,并阐述了从自然法到实在法推演过程的两种实定化方式。

Finnis'theory of new natural law takes the central case as its theoretical context,integrating classical and modern natural law theories.The central case of Finnis'theory is the limitation of Hart's inner view,which requires actors to be cautious,wise,and meet the requirements of practical rationality.Practical reason presupposes goodness,and human actions should follow the principle of practical reason.The principle of practical reason has moral power in the overall human life,resulting in the principles of morality and practical reasonableness.People think and act based on the principle of practical reasonableness,discovering and understanding natural law in their actions.The central situation of law is the rules formulated by authoritative institutions to coordinate common good.Finnis deduced the necessity of the existence of authority from the reality of coordinating common good,believed that law is the only way for authority to coordinate the issue of common good,and expounded two kinds of realizations in the process of deduction from natural law to positive law.