从《璇玑图》与式盘关系看《文心雕龙》中的易学思维模式

On the Thoughts of the Study of Changes in The Literary Heart and the Carving of Dragons from the Perspective of the Relationship between The Full Picture of Xuanji and the Shi Pan

刘勰《文心雕龙》中所体现的主导思想最终可以统归于易学,易学思想是《文心雕龙》的思想本源,易学思维是《文心雕龙》的主要思维模式。刘勰在《文心雕龙》中所提及的“道”可以溯源至《周易》,《明诗》篇“回文所兴,则道原为始”中的“道”是指易学中的自然之道。这一观点可以通过回文诗的典范作品《璇玑图》与易学工具式盘之间的对应关系得到论证。式盘将天地、时空、星宿运转、四季变化集于一体,是先人对宇宙模式的模仿,这种模仿发端于易学思维。而式盘在前秦的普及为苏蕙创作《璇玑图》提供了灵感来源,《璇玑图》在命名、形状、颜色、读法等方面均可以与式盘相对应,是易学思维在文学领域灵活运用的重要例证。

The dominant thoughts reflected in Liu Xie’s The Literary Heart and the Carving of Dragons can eventually be unified to the thoughts of the Study of Changes.Thoughts of the Study of Changes are the origin of the thought of The Literary Heart and the Carving of Dragons.The“Dao”mentioned by Liu Xie in The Literary Heart and the Carving of Dragons can be traced back to“Zhou Yi”.The phrase“Dao”in the“Ming Shi”section of The Literary Heart and the Carving of Dragons,which states“Huiwen suoxing,ze Dao yuan weishi,”refers to the natural way in the context of the Book of Changes.This view can be demonstrated by the corresponding relationship between The Full Picture of Xuanji and the Study of Changes’tool“Shi Pan”(astrological board).Shi Pan is the integration of heaven and earth,time and space,move of stars,and changes of the four seasons.It is the ancestor’s imitation of the cosmic model.The widespread use of the Shi Pan in the former Qin Dynasty provided the source of inspiration for Su Hui’s“The Full Picture of Xuanji”.“The Full Picture of Xuanji”can correspond to the naming,shape,color,reading method,which is the important example of flexible use of thoughts of the Study of Changes in the field of literature.