西北内陆地区城乡发展用水结构优化探索--以新疆塔城地区为例

Optimization of water use structure for urban and rural development in northwest China--Take Tacheng prefecture of Xinjiang as an example

水资源问题不仅仅是单一的水文水利学科问题,更是国民经济运行和管理方式问题。近年来在国家大规模援疆政策带动下,新疆塔城地区作为我国西北内陆重要的节点城市,社会经济发展迅速,城乡用水总量也不断增加。但由于用水量一度突破当地可利用上线,塔城地区局部出现泉水干涸、湿地衰减、草原退化等生态问题,给农牧业生产及自然环境带来严重威胁,并制约了城乡发展。通过梳理地区水资源条件特征,提出坚守自然生态底线、发展优质节水型农业、转型特色产业3项策略来优化城乡用水结构,实现城市发展和“绿水青山”的共同目标。

Water resource problems is not only a single issue of hydrology,but also a problem of the operation and management modes of national economy.In recent years,driven by national policy of large-scale aids for supporting Xinjiang,Tacheng prefecture,which serves a significant node city in the northwestern inland region of China,has seen a rapid advancement in its socio-economic development.As a result,the urban and rural water consumption has been increasing steadily.This surge in water consumption had once surpassed the locally available upper limit,which has led to certain ecological problems within Tacheng prefecture,such as springs drying up,wetland and grassland degradation,pose a severe threat to the agricultural and pastoral production as well as the natural environment.Conversely,these problems constrain the development of the urban and rural areas.Therefore,by combing characteristics of regional water resources,this paper proposes three strategies to optimize the water utilization structure,including adhering to the natural ecological baseline,developing high-quality and water-saving agriculture,transforming characteristic industries,ultimately achieving both urban-rural development and"Lucid waters and lush mountains".